Illuminati

The Eye of Providence, a symbol frequently attributed to the Illuminati

The Illuminati (Latin for the Illuminated) was a secret society whose master plan was to combat superstition, religious influence over daily life, and abuse of state power in the Electorate of Bavaria (now the German state of Bavaria). Their members had a tendency to disagree with eachother, especially about adopting Freemason ideologies.. They ultimately were disbanded when the government of Bavaria banned all secret societies. Which just shows how good they were at getting their original plans accomplished.

The Illuminati is the center of all sorts of conspiracy theories, especially those where the endgame is a New World Order. The Illuminati is responsible for all sorts of events, from the French Revolution to the JFK Assassination to 9/11, all of which is done to make their evil agenda of controlling the world a reality! The Illuminati as an all-evil cabal hellbent on world domination. This makes them a popular villain in all sorts of media, especially in cyberpunk and paranormal settings for tabletop games (e.e. the aptly-named Illuminopoly).

In Warhammer 40k, the Illuminati were a group who sought to round up the Emperor's descendants, kill them in front of the Golden Throne, and kill the Emperor, all to reincarnate him into the Star Child. This was dumb, though, and the Inquisition declared them to be a Tzeentchian cult and purged them all. The idea of the Illuminati was re-purposed into the Horus Heresy-era Cabal, which is much cooler and way better handled.

All of this mystique around the idea of the Illuminati led to a fantastic card game being made by Steve Jackson Games, wherein the players are all various organizations, each seeking to enact their agendas over the world. It's like Munchkin except everyone hating each other is a deliberate outcome.