Imperium Secundus

• It's Guilliman, What do you think he's doing? He's building an Empire! - Malcador the Sigillite

Formation

Imperium Secundus - (from the self referential book: "Unremembered Empire") was Roboute Guilliman's attempt at building his own Imperium of Man when he (incorrectly) believed that the Emperor lay defeated and that the rest of the Imperium was ashes during the Horus Heresy.

The Word Bearers assault on Calth created a Ruinstorm which spread across the galaxy, garbling communications and restricting travel. The 500 worlds of the Ultramarines Legion had no means of determining whether the rest of the Imperium stood or not during this period of war.

Thus the analytical mind of the Primarch Guilliman resolved that according to the Theoretical destruction of the rest of the Imperium, he would enact his Practical solution and build his own.

As it required moving the power-base of his "new" Imperium and its institutions to Macragge, he knew that this situation could potentially be construed as an act of treachery. Thus, he maintained it would only be a temporary measure where if the Emperor and Terra were found to be intact he would be the first to lend his aid in their defence.

He also insisted that he would not be it's ruler, as he was very aware that to both split from the true imperium and to position himself as head of the splinter government would make him appear as a tyrant who was only interested in power. Thus to prove his point he would wait until such time as a worthy brother Primarch arrived on Macragge and make them the Regent-Emperor instead.

However, a number of events call into question Guilliman's / the Ultramarines sincerity:

Misrepresentation

Warsmith Dantioch of the Iron Warriors was lured into the service of Guilliman on the promise that his skills would be put to good use fortifying the Imperial Palace in the inevitable Siege of Terra, it seems Dantioch never got that far and was assigned a position on Sotha, and possibly post-heresy his soldiers were just absorbed into the Ultramarines rather than making any meaningful contribution.

Counterpoint

This is not entirely unforgivable, as the 500 Worlds were cut-off from Terra, so Dantioch might never have been able to get back. Plus as a Loyalist, Dantioch and his men would have been mistrusted, therefore being absorbed into Ultramarines would have been as wise a choice as any.

Mustering Forces to Himself

What Guilliman found on Sotha was a pre-Imperial device that acted similarly to the Astronomican: Called the Pharos.

Instead of a psychic lighthouse like the Astronomican, the Pharos shone like a lantern and illuminated targeted worlds in the Warp, allowing safe passage to them even through thick warp storms. Guilliman ordered that the Pharos be shone on Macragge so that lost loyalists fleets could find their way to him though the Ruinstorm

This did have the intended effect, as beaten stragglers from the broken legions of the Iron Hands, Salamanders and Raven Guard found their way to Macragge. Badly beaten, and with their own primarchs dead, or assumed dead, they swore allegiance to Guilliman until such time as the Emperor could be aided.

In addition, the Pharos caused the Imperial Fists Retribution Fleet, notable for being the largest fleet available to the Imperium, fresh from the Battle of Phall to arrive at Macragge. ...AND the entire Blood Angels Legion (except for about eleven men left on Baal, the "Lost Sons") from the Battle of Signus turned up on Guilliman's doorstep too.

Both the Blood Angels and Imperial Fists were actually looking for Terra, so it could definitely be said that all these arrivals would starve Terra of valuable resources and actually hinder the war effort. In fact this was explicitly stated to Lorgar by the Fateweaver prior to the battle at Calth, that if Guilliman died, then Horus would have no chance at the Siege of Terra.

Counterpoint

While Guilliman had shone the Pharos at Macragge with the aim of bringing Imperial forces to himself, it seems he was incapable of redirecting its energies onto Terra which might have saved the Imperium. Therefore Guilliman was simply making the most practical use of the tools available to him.

Empire Building / Desire for Power

Guilliman was renowned for Empire-Building, and his attempt at usurping the Imperium was actually anticipated by both the Emperor and Malcador the Sigillite. They discuss the matter together and are thankful that Lion El'Jonson takes his own initiative to resolve the matter.

Now the Lion may, or may not have had his own agenda, as he had attempted to gain military power himself earlier in the war, but at least he argued that it was to the Imperium's benefit for him to be Warmaster and to be of better service to his father.

Here, the Lion was very clear on the issue with his brother Guilliman, seeing his brother's new Imperium as a threat equally as grave as Horus to the kingdom that his Father had built.

When the Lion arrived on Macragge, the issue of who should be the ruler did come up, but neither the Lion and Roboute came to blows with one another over the matter (they nearly did, but that was mostly Konrad Curze's fault, and that brothers were both keeping secrets from one another) and unanimously elected that Sanguinius take the position of Regent when his fleet arrived. So at least both brothers could be described as sincere in their desire to put aside their differences and get shit done.

Counterpoint

Guilliman was very politically minded and was careful not to take the position of Regent for himself, lest he be seen as a usurper of his father's Empire. So resolved to ensure that the position would go to another Primarch as only a member of the blood would have the qualities to rule (just not himself). Unfortunately the first Primarch he met (Vulkan) was bat-shit mental and incapable of taking the position, whilst the second (the Lion) was too inscrutable to be properly trusted with the position, therefore assigning the regency to Sanguinius was a matter of convenience.

Legacy

of Guilliman

It was called the "Unremembered Empire" for a reason, it didn't actually happen according to the history texts as to do so would portray Guilliman as a traitor against his father.

However, Guilliman's influence on the Imperium after the Horus Heresy are hard to miss, since is widely regarded as the most influential of Primarchs on the Imperium, despite the fact that he did very little to protect it (and possibly even hindered it) during its darkest hour. Sanguinius returned to Terra in time for the final battle, yet neither Guilliman nor the Lion did despite all three starting from the same location, possibly suggesting a conflict between the two, given their actions. Unless of course (as a lot of people are guessing) Guilliman got distracted by a metal troll. People also forget the inconsistent nature of warp travel.

There remains the suggestion that Guilliman's motives were not entirely sincere and that the Emperor, Malcador and the Lion were right: that Guilliman was only interested in building an his Empire, irrespective of the Emperor's involvement in it, which is where the problem lay. This is also supported by the fact that there were frictions between Guilliman and his brother Rogal Dorn, who had been present at the final battle, returned his dying father to the Golden Throne and heard his final orders. Disagreements between them very nearly sparked another civil war about how the Imperium and its military should be run. Even though the Emperor already had knowledge of the war's outcome (read Outcast Dead) and should have prepared for its aftermath, therefore his orders to Dorn and Jaghatai Khan aught to have at least involved some sort of planning.

However, it could be said that Guilliman took the longer view and created an Imperium not ruled by Emperors' but by men, with the High Lords of Terra in the Emperor's place. Guilliman DID eventually achieve lordship over the Imperium, becoming the First Lord of Terra and immediately abdicated after the production of his Codex Astartes which affirmed that no person, Primarch or otherwise should be able to wield such power.

However there remains the fact that 10,000 years later, his own sons are the foremost protectors of the Imperium of Man making up 50-60% of the whole Astartes population and have marginalised the others into either conformity via the Codex or obscurity by denying them descendant chapters. With the Ultramarines Chapter having the singular honour of being the most respected of Space Marine chapters, who set the standard for all other Astartes to aspire to, it's not a difficult set of circumstances to arrange when your father was the one to initially draft the policies that everyone conforms to.

History is written by the victors, and it is even said on the Ultramarines Chapter Banner: "Our Presence Remakes the Past"

What it means, or heavily implies is that there is possibly an edgier side to the Ultramarines beyond simply being Mary Sues, and that the supposedly eminent status that the Ultramarines enjoy is because of crafty political maneuvering; and if anything Guilliman was said to have been the greatest of statesmen.

of Sanguinius

While it is too early to tell in fluff terms how much the position of regent will affect Sanguinius, or him ruling the" unremembered empire" will come to affect the later Imperium, as removing the entire Imperium Secundus does not change the opinion of Sanguinius and the Blood Angels one bit.

One thing that does remain is the Sanguinor, who was a by-product of this era. As Sanguinius needed a regent to stand for him and deal with petitioners when he was too busy with other important tasks as well as to act as a body-double for the sake of assassination attempts and keep the focus away from the Primarch.

Even at the time, the identity of the herald was kept a closely guarded secret and his name was removed from the records of the chapter. By M41, the origins of the Sanguinor are completely forgotten about, even by the majority of the Blood Angels themselves if the ever knew about the practice at all (assuming that the Sanguinary Guard still retain the tradition and that the Sanguinor is not simply Sanguinius resurrected or some sort of daemon-incarnate).