Clone
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"'Cause every chromosome is a hand-me-down"
- – Weird Al Yankovic, "I think I'm a Clone Now"
A Clone is an organism created from the same genetic information from another organism. Clone comes from the Greek word for "twig", as you can clone a lot of plants by cutting off a branch or a leaf and planting it. This is done extensively in certain fields of agriculture, though it has it's problems relating to disease vulnerabilities (see the Irish Potato Famine or Gros Michel Bananas). Some animals also reproduce via cloning, with females making identical twins of themselves.
But as a general rule, when people talk about cloning they talk more about human clones by artificial means, taking a gene sample, fertilizing an egg and growing it to maturity usually in some form of Exowomb.
Clone Troopers
Probably the most significant mention of clones for the Star Wars franchise is the existence of the Clone Army during the age of the Republic. Created by the Kaminoans using the genetic information of the bounty hunter Jango Fett, this Clone Army was the main battleforce that the Republic relied upon, as each soldier was able to become trained warriors within a mere decade. Each one was also conditioned to be less independent, which meant that there was no concern about betrayal by some outside force hijacking them...yeeaaaahhh, about that...
While the clones as an overall force was controlled by the Empire, they were eventually phased out and replaced by the Stormtroopers for multiple reasons, the most significant being the fact that Jango's death meant that they had lost access to his genetics in order to continue making clones. Also concerning was the fact that clones tended to adhere strictly to protocol when not guided to think freely by a commanding officer, which made them question their tactical capabilities when compared to merely hypno-indoctrinating normal people.