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Setting:4chan Archipelago
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== Major Flora== ===Cabbage Palm, Swamp Cabbage Palm -- Sabal Palmetto(edible)=== A tree up to 60 ft. tall, with long, spreading leaves up to 9 ft. long; it bears fragrant, yellow-white flowers in many branched clusters, and fruits which are 1/4" wide. Many of these trees are found in lightly wooded, swampy areas. Improper (radical) pruning will weaken the root system and promotes disease. Leaf material can be used for weaving and thatch, and the plant can also be used in honey farming. The heart can be cut out and eaten, but this will kill the tree. ===Red Mulberry -- Morus rubra (edible)=== Red mulberry grows in a dense, bushy, tree with drooping branches. Reaching heights of 30 to 50 ft tall, identifying features are milky sap and deciduous, ovate leaves with pointed tips. The trees are found in sandy lowland areas. The flowers are minute and grow in spikes, the males of which are 2 to 3 inches long. Fruit grows in 1 to 2 inch oblong clusters, is dark purple, and very juicy when ripe. Fruit is first ready in late spring, and the plant will produce through fall. The best way to eat mulberries is fresh from the tree when fully ripe, but many enjoy mulberry wine, jam or pies. ===Blackberry, Dewberry -- Rubus flagellaris(edible)=== Bramble- among the many varieties of blackberry, some are ground creepers, although most grow upright, then arch downward. The Leaves have three or five leaflets, and the stems have thorns. The Blooms are white with five petals, and the fruit is black, with many juicy lobes, which grow in clusters. Mid to late summer is the harvest time. Found most often in small clearings and open hedge rows, the Berries are a delicious treat and also a great way to bait certain wild animals. ===Purslane -- Portulaca oleracea(edible)=== Ground cover -this colorful, flowering succulent has stems 3 to 6 inches long and is often found in Flowering areas. The bright yellow or orange flowers are small with 5 petals. The fruit is a round capsule with many small black seeds. Do not eat the fruit; instead, eat the leaves raw or steamed. They are purported to taste like green beans ===Winged Bean, Goa Bean(edible)=== The winged bean plant grows as a vine with climbing stems and leaves, 3-4 m in height. It is an herbaceous perennial, but can be grown as an annual. It is generally taller and notably larger than the Common bean, with a pod typically 6-9 in long. The pod has four wings with frilly edges running lengthwise; the skin is waxy and the flesh partially translucent in the young pods, but turns an ash-brown color when fully ripe, and splits open to release the seeds. The flowers are large and pale blue. This bean has been called the "one species supermarket" because practically all of the plant is edible. The beans are used as a vegetable, but the other parts (leaves, flowers, and tuberous roots) are also edible. The tender pods, which are the most widely eaten part of the plant (and best eaten when under 1" in length), can be harvested within two to three months of planting. The flowers are often used to color rice and pastries. The young leaves can be picked and prepared as a leaf vegetable, similar to spinach. The roots can be used as a root vegetable, similar to the potato, and have a nutty flavor; they are also much more rich in protein than potatoes. The dried seeds can be useful as a flour and also to make a coffee-like drink. Each of these parts of the winged bean provide a source of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and other vitamins. ===Barley(Edible)=== Barley is a type of plant. Its seeds are a cereal grain. It is eaten by humans and other animals, and it is one of mankind's oldest crops. It can be made into flour or beer. ===Maize(Corn)(Edible)=== Maize (called corn in some countries) is a member of the grass family Poaceae. It is a cereal grain that was first grown by people in ancient Central America. It is now the third most important cereal crop in the world. It is a leafy stalk whose kernels contain seeds inside. It is an angiosperm, which means that its seeds are enclosed inside a fruit or shell. It is used as a food staple by many people in Mexico, Central and South America and parts of Africa. In Europe and the rest of North America, maize is grown mostly for use as animal feed. In Canada and the United States, maize is commonly referred to as "corn". ===Oats(Multi-use)=== Oats (Avena sativa) are a type of cereal grain. People use them as food for themselves and other animals, for example, chickens and horses. Oatmeal is made from oats. Oat straw is used as bedding for animals. Porridge is made only from whole grain oats ===Rye(Edible)=== Rye is a type of grass, usually grown as a grain or forage crop (meaning that it is fed to animals). It is a member of the wheat family of plants and is similar to wheat and barley. It is used to make flour, food for animals, and many types of alcoholic drinks. ===Sorghum(Edible)=== Sorghum is a genus in the grass family Poaceae. The plants are grown in warmer climates. Species grow naturally in tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to Oceania and Australasia. Because many species of Sorghum are resistant to drought and high temperatures, it is a very important food source in the desert areas of Africa. ===Wheat(Edible)=== Wheat is a kind of plant. Its seeds are a type of cereal grain that people can eat. It is used to make many things, like bread and pasta, by first turning it into flour. It can also be fermented to make beer, alcohol, vodka, or biofuel. The grass plant comes from the Middle East. ===Cassava(Edible)=== Manioc (or Cassava, or Yuca, especially in Latin America) is a shrub. It belongs to the Spurge family of plants. It grows in tropical climates. It is cultivated for its edible root. Cassava must be cooked properly to detoxify it before it is eaten and can be used in dumplings, soups, stews and gravies. ===Sweet Potato(Edible)=== The Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a plant that is a member of the morning glory family, grown for its sweet, edible, tuberous roots. ===Yam(Edible)=== Yam is a versatile vegetable. It can be barbecued; roasted; fried; grilled; boiled; baked; smoked and when grated it is processed into a dessert recipe. Yams are the staple crop of the Igbo people of Nigeria. ===Banana(Multi-use)=== Banana is the common name for a type of herb and also the name for the herbaceous plants that grow this herb. These plants belong to the genus Musa. They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia. There are about 100 different species of bananas. It is possible that bananas were grown for food for the first time in Papua New Guinea. Today, they are cultivated in the tropical regions around the world. Most banana plants are grown for their herbs, but some are grown as ornamental plants, or to provide fibre. In parts of Africa, beer has been made by fermenting the juice of certain cultivars, known as beer bananas. The ash of banana can be used to make soap. In Asia, bananas are often planted to provide shade to plants that love it, for example coffee, cocoa, nutmeg or black pepper. That way, banana plants can often be found in plantations of other crops. The bananas from a group of cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called plantains. The bananas that are used for desserts are called dessert bananas. ===Chickpea(Edible)=== A Chickpea is a yellow edible vegetable which can be used for cooking. The peas can be bought canned or dried. It is also one of the earliest vegetables to be grown. The first chickpea was grown in the Middle East about 7,500 years ago. The most popular place for chickpeas to grow is in India. Chickpeas contain zinc, protein and folic acid. ===Great Northern Bean(Edible)=== Great Northern beans are beans that are white colored. They are also light in flavor. They have a shape like a Lima bean except it is a little bit shorter than a Lima bean. ===Lentil(Edible)=== The lentil or daal or pulse (Lens culinaris) is a bushy annual plant of the legume family. It is a kind of vegetable, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about 15 inches tall and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. The seeds only need very little cooking. This time is especially short for kinds of lentils with their husk removed, such as the common red lentil). Lentils have a distinctive earthy flavor. ===Sugarcane(Edible)=== Sugarcane (or sugar cane) is a genus of plants. There are between 6 and 37 types of sugarcane (how many there are depends on the interpretation of what is a grass and what is not). Sugarcane grows in warm and tropical climates. Sugarcane stalks grow to between 2 and 6 meters tall. These stalks contain sugar, which is used to sweeten food and drinks. After the sugar has been taken out the remains of the stalks can be burned to generate heat and electricity. It can also be made into paper, cardboard and cutlery. grows on a slope and requires a medium level of water usually found in hilly or slopey areas an needs a good quality soil and has a bambooish look to it. ===Tomato(Edible)=== Tomato is a red fruit. It is shiny and smooth, and has many small seeds. The tomato is green when it is unripe. It slowly changes color from green to red as it gets more ripe. There are many different types of tomatoes. Most tomatoes are red, but some special kinds are yellow or orange when they are ripe. Also, some tomatoes are as small as strawberries, and some will become as big as apples. Tomatoes are used a lot in Italian food. They are also used to make ketchup. ===Cacao tree(Edible)=== The Cacao tree is a small tree originally in tropical South America. It is small, and only grows to 4 to 8 meters in height. Its seeds are called cocoa and are used to produce cocoa butter, the chocolate drink, as well as chocolate. Nowadays the trees are grown in plantations in many tropical countries. ===Artichoke(Edible)=== The Artichoke or Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family, are originating in Southern Europe around the Mediterranean. The thick edible scales and bottom parts of the immature flower heads are culinary delicacy. The bottom part of the immature flower head called a heart. ===Asparagus(Edible)=== Asparagus is a large genus of flowering plants, including many different species. One of these is often grown to be pretty, the "asparagus fern", Asparagus setaceus (although it is not a real fern). The best known plant in this group is Asparagus officinalis, which is an important food plant. ===Aubergine(Edible)=== The aubergine (also called eggplant) is a vegetable. It is in the Nightshade family of plants. It is related to the potato and tomato. Originally it comes from India and Sri Lanka. The fruit of the aubergine plant is commonly used as a vegetable. ===Azuki bean(Edible)=== The azuki bean is a type of reddish-brown colored bean. It can also be spelled adzuki. The bean is grown in East Asia and the Himalayas. It is often boiled in sugar to make a red bean paste. This paste is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cooking. ===Black-eyed pea(Edible)=== The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean, a subspecies of the cowpea, is a medium-sized edible bean. Humans first grew the pea probably in West Africa, but it is now grown all over the world. ===Soybean(Edible)=== The soybean (or soya bean) is a plant with fruit called beans, from Eastern Asia. The height of a grown soybean is between less than 20 cm and up to 2 m. One plant soybean lives for only one year. Soybeans can be eaten or used to make oil, sauce, milk, flour, tofu and other foods. These soy foods have much protein. Also fuel can be made from soybeans. ===Pea(Edible)=== A pea, although treated as a vegetable in cooking, is botanically a fruit; the term is most commonly used to describe the small spherical seeds or the pods of the legume Pisum sativum. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae like the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)and the seeds from several species of Lathyrus. P. sativum is an annual plant. It is a cool season crop, planted in winter. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 grams. The species is as a fresh vegetable, but is also grown to produce dry peas like the split pea. These varieties are typically called field peas. ===Broccoli(Edible)=== Broccoli is a plant, Brassica oleracea. It is a vegetable similar to cabbage. Broccoli has green flower heads and a stalk. ===Brussels sprout(Edible)=== Brussels sprouts are a green vegetable. They are small cabbages that can be used for salads or other recipes. They have almost the same nutrition as cabbage in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They have a lot of fiber. ===Peanut(Edible)=== The peanut plant flowers above ground, then develops its pods underground. Because of this, peanuts are often called groundnuts. Other names include arachides, goobers, mani, and pinders. This strange legume yields shell-covered pods (fruits) that contain one or more seeds. A nut is a hard shelled fruit that comes from a plant whose fruit does not open to release its seed. A nut is a composite of the fruit and seed, some examples of true nuts are: acorns, beechnuts, chestnuts and hazelnuts. So despite the name, the plant is not a nut in the biological sense, but a legume. Peanuts grow by starting out as an above ground flower that, due to its heavy weight, bends towards the ground. The flower eventually burrows underground, which is where the peanut actually matures. The veined brown shell or pod of the peanut contains two or three peanut kernels. Each oval-shaped kernel or seed is comprised of two off-white lobes that are covered by a brownish-red skin. Peanuts have a hardy, buttery and "nutty" taste. Peanuts go by various names throughout the world with "goober" or "goober pea" being one of the most popular. Goober is derived from "nguba," the name for peanut in the Bantu language spoken in parts of Africa. Peanuts are known scientifically as Arachis hypogaea. ===Tobacco(Multi-use)=== Tobacco is a plant of the nightshade family, found mainly in North America and South America. Dried tobacco leaves are often smoked in cigars, cigarettes and pipes, but can also be chewed in the mouth or sniffed in the nose. Tobacco contains a very powerful chemical called nicotine which makes it very hard for tobacco users to stop using it. ===Indigo(Multi-use)=== The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo. ===Cotton(Multi-use)=== Cotton is soft fiber that grows with the seeds of the cotton plant. (Fiber is long and thin, like hair.) After the cotton fiber is gathered from the plant, it can be made into thread. The cotton thread can then be made into cloth. The cloth can be used to make clothes for people and many other things. Cotton clothing is very nice to wear, especially when it is hot and is easy to move around in. ===Almond(Multi-use)=== The almond is a small tree in the family Rosaceae. The tree makes nuts or fruits that are also called almonds. Within the genus Prunus, it is classified in the subgenus Amygdalus. Amygdalus is told apart from other subgenera by the wavy seed shell. Botanically, the almond seed or fruit is not a true nut, but a drupe. It grows from four and 10 meters tall. It has a trunk 30 centimeters wide. The young twigs are green at first, but they become purple when sunlight goes on them. When they are in their second year, they turn gray. The leaves are three to five inches long. The flowers are white or light pink, 3–5 cm wide with five petals. ===Macadamia(Edible)=== The macadamia nut is the fruit of a tree that first came from the east coast of Australia. There are more than one kind of Macadamia trees, but only one kind is grown for food. The tree is an evergreen (stays green all year long). It grows up to 25 feet (7.5 meters) high. It bears groups of small white flowers. It grows best in subtropical (wet and always warm) climates. It needs well drained soil (water can flow away easily) and 40 to 100 inches (1000 to 2500 mm) of rain a year. The nutmeat (the soft part you can eat, inside the shell) is mostly a creamy white in color, but sometimes looks a bit yellow. It has a delicate flavor that many people like very much. Macadamias are eaten roasted (cooked), or in cookies, cakes, pastries, and candies. People use them as part of cooked meals, similar to the way that almonds and cashews are used in oriental cuisine (a style of cooking). ===Pecan(Edible)=== The Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory nut, native to south-central North America, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois and Indiana east to western Kentucky, North Carolina and western Tennessee, south through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas; and in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz. Pecans are often used in cooking in the Southern United States; a common dessert there is pecan pie. ===Walnut(Edible)=== Walnuts are plants that occur mostly in the northern hemisphere. They grow as trees, which can reach ten to forty meters in height. Walnuts are important, they are grown for timber. In addition, the actual fruit is used to make oil, but it can also be eaten. ===Cashew(Edible)=== The cashew is a tropical tree in the flowering plant. The plant is native to northeastern Brazil. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew "nuts" (see below) and cashew apples. ===Cannabis(Multi-use)=== Cannabis (also called Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or marijuana) is a plant. The cannabis plant's flowers contain a chemical or drug known as THC (short for tetra-hydro-cannabinol). Smoking or eating the flower can make a person feel good (euphoria) or have creative ideas. When a person breathes in the marijuana smoke or eats it, he or she may get a feeling called "getting high" or "getting stoned". The most common effects of the drug include feeling happy, relaxed, tired, silly or scared, having many ideas what to do or not being able to think clearly (or remember some things at all), and getting hungry (otherwise known as getting 'the munchies'.) Since hashish (dried resin) is much more concentrated than marijuana (includes leaves and flowers), people who take large amounts of hashish may feel even stronger effects. They may also hear strange sounds, or have visions or thoughts called hallucinations. Some hashish users like the feeling of these visions and thoughts, while others may find them scary; however, hallucinations after smoking or eating cannabis are rare. ===Rose=== The rose is a type of flowering shrub. Its name comes from the Latin word rosa. Roses belong to the family of plants called Rosaceae. All roses were originally wild and they come from several parts of the world, North America, Europe, northwest Africa and many parts of Asia and Oceania. Many roses have a strong, pleasant scent. Most roses have thorns on their stems and they are able to tolerate a wide variety of growing conditions. ===Lily(Edible)=== A lily is a type of flowering plant. There are many species of lilies, like water lilies and tiger lilies. Most lilies grow from a bulb, which is sometimes eaten as a food. Lily is the general term for the perennial plant, from the Latin lilium. The lily has a long stem, and its funnel-shaped flower blooms in summer. Lilies grow in Europe, North America, and Asia. There are more than 100 kinds. They also come in various colours. It tends to grow wild in the forest and a grassy plain of a mountainous area, but several kinds grow wild on wet ground. A lily's petals come in multiples of three. ===Nelumbo(Edible)=== Nelumbo is a genus of water plants which are also known as lotus. Lotus flowers are large – up to 20 cm across – and they smell sweet. The Sacred Lotus of Asia has pink flowers. The American Lotus has yellow flowers. The lotus flowers grow over the water. Lotus leaves often float on top of the water. The roots of lotus plants are in the mud (wet dirt) under the water. Every part of every plant must have air for respiration (breathing). Air spaces in the stems and roots make the lotus able to live and respire under water. People can eat lotus roots and seeds. Cattle (cows) like to eat the leaves and flowers. ===Sunflower(Edible)=== The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (inflorescence). The stem of the flower can grow up to 3 meters tall, with a flower head that can be 30 cm wide. Birds and other animals enjoy eating sunflower seeds. Humans like to eat them too, although not all kinds, and often they are covered with chocolate, salt, or honey. Other types of sunflowers include the California Royal Sunflower, which has a burgundy (red + purple) flower head. ===Petunia=== The Petunia is a family of plants. All of them bear flowers. They are in the Nightshade family, and are related to tobacco. Many people grow them in the garden. Petunias are perennial plants, meaning the survive many years. Usually they are planted in the sun. ===Jasmine(Edible)=== Jasmine is a genus of plants. They are shrubs or vines that grow in moderately warm climates. There are about 200 different species of Jasmine. They are also quite liked in gardens. Tea can be made from the flowers. Some species are used to make special oil, perfumes or incense. Women, especially from Asia sometimes wear jasmine flowers in their hair. ===Tulip=== Tulip (Tulipa) is a potflower plant. There is many races (cultivars) and species of tulips. Cultivars are used as ornamental plants. It grows in southern Europe, north Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the east to northeast of China and Japan, Indo Asia. ===Hibiscus=== Hibiscus or rosemallow is a genus of plants with a flower of fresh colors. It grows mostly in the tropics. Hibiscus mostly lives in warm temperature zone on Earth, because cold winter season damages its growth. The flower usually has five petals, and is about 4 - 15 cm in diameter. Hibiscus comes in many colours like white to pink, red, purple and yellow. ===Dahlia=== Dahlia is a genus of plants are native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There are at least 36 species of Dahlia. Dahlias are commonly grown as garden plant with large brightly-coloured flowers. It is a flower that prefers locations with indirect sunlight. ===Narcissus=== Narcissus (Narcissi) (often called a daffodil) is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllidaceae family. They are native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. ===Violet=== The violet is a genus of flowering plants. ===Edelweiss=== Leaves and flowers are covered with white hairs and look woolly. Each Edelweiss bloom has five to six small yellow flower heads surrounded by leaflets in a star shape. The flowers are in bloom between July and September. The Edelweiss prefers rocky limestone places. It has been used traditionally in folk medicine. The hair on the flower protect the Edelweiss from cold. ===Aspen(Timber)=== Aspens are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. The two main species are both called 'trembling aspens' or 'quaking aspens' on account of their leaves. Populus tremuloides is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America. It forms large stands (groups) of genetically identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles[3] east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan mountain system, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains. It is a hardy species which tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious, so individual trees are either male or female (in contrast to most trees, where male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Trees flower in March and April, before the leaves appear, with both the male and female trees producing catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds which are tufted with hairs. Like other aspens, its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 meters from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire. ===Fig(Edible)=== Fig (genus Ficus) is a soft, sweet fruit. Its skin is very thin and has many small seeds inside of it. There are more than 850 species of Ficus, the fig tree. The fruits can be eaten when ripe and when dried. Figs grow in warm climates. Sometimes, figs are made into jam. Figs are also in a popular snack. Figs are pollinated by fig wasps. ===Beech(Timber)=== The Beech is a large tree in the genus Fagus in the plant family Fagaceae. There are about 10 species, all native to Europe Asia and North America. The beech has been used for its wood by man for thousands of years. The wood is white, or reddish if grown on acid soil, but fine grained, smooth and heavy when first cut. It may split as it dries. It is a good wood for making ornaments, tool handles, kitchen utensils, furniture and parts of buildings. Beechwood burns well and is used, among other woods, to smoke herrings in Scotland. It can also be made into charcoal. ===Sweet Chestnut(Edible)=== Sweet Chestnut, sometimes called European Chestnut, Spanish Chestnut or Portuguese Chestnut is a family of trees. Originally these trees were native to the Mediterranean parts of Europe and Asia Minor. These trees can grow to sizes between 20 and 35m high. The trees are deciduous, they do not have leaves in winter. The trees are usually grown for their edible fruit. ===Eucalyptus(Multi-use)=== Eucalypts have many uses which have made them important. Because of their fast growth, the main benefit of these trees is the wood. They provide many uses, such as planting in parks and gardens, timber, firewood and pulpwood. Fast growth also makes eucalypts suitable as windbreaks. Eucalypts draw a very large amount of water from the soil. They have been planted (or re-planted) in some places to lower the water table and reduce the amount of salt in the soil. Eucalypts have also been used as a way of reducing malaria by draining the soil in such places as Algeria, Sicily[2] mainland Europe and California[3]. Drainage removes swamps which provide a habitat for mosquito larvae, but such drainage can also destroy harmless habitats by accident. Eucalyptus oil is refined from the leaves by steaming. It can be used for cleaning, deodorising, and in very small amounts in food supplements, especially sweets, cough drops and decongestants. Eucalyptus oil is an insect repellent (Fradin & Day 2002). The nectar of some eucalyptus produces high quality honey. In the western United States the flowering is in late January, before the flowering of other nut and fruit trees; this means that its nectar can be easily made into its own kind of honey, which is said to have a buttery taste. The ghost gum's leaves were used by Aborigines to catch fish. Soaking the leaves in water releases a mild tranquiliser which stuns fish, making them easy to catch. ===Fir(timber)=== Firs (Abies) are in about 45-55 species of evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae. All are trees, reaching heights of 10–80 m tall and trunk diameters of 0.5–4 m when mature. The difference between firs and other members of the pine family is that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical female cones 5–25 cm long that release the winged seeds. The male cones are normally much smaller and spread through the tree so that the wind can help pollinate the female cones. Like all members of the pine family these trees have a sticky sap called resin. Fir wood is not suitable for construction because it is not very resistant to insects and decay. It is usually sawn or crushed into fine sheets or pieces and made into plywood or chipboard for indoor or temporary outdoor use. ===Mangrove=== Mangroves are trees or shrubs that grow in salty water in hot places like the tropics. Mangroves make a special saltwater woodland or shrubland habitat, called a mangrove swamp, mangrove forest, mangrove or mangal. Mangroves grow on 1/3 of tropical shores. They are also found in sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and the southwest Pacific.[3] Their twisted, tangled roots collect dirt, which often become islands. Mangroves live right in the water. Their seeds fall from the tree and will grow roots as soon as they touch any kind of soil (dirt). During low tide, they may fall in soil rather than water and start growing where they fell. If the water level is high, though, they can be carried far away from where they fell. Mangrove trees are often the beginning of what will one day be a small island. As dirt and other things collect in their roots, little bodies of land are formed – just the right place for other island vegetation to grow.[3] This is an example of seed dispersal by water. ===Maple(Multi-use)=== Maple (Latin name Acer) is a genus of trees or shrubs. Some species resist the cold rather well. Maples are also grown to make Maple syrup. Some maples are grown for timber (wood that is used for furniture). ===Para rubber tree(Multi-use)=== A Para rubber tree (or simply, rubber tree) is the tree which naturally produces rubber. It is native from tropical areas from South America, in the Amazon (Brazil), but was spread by English farmers to the Far East. In the wild they may reach heights of 100 to 125 ft (30-38 m) with large cylindrical trunks with or without buttresses. Crop trees reach a width of about 20 in. (50 cm), usually with a short bole, and with a sloped taper. When trees reach 5-6 years old, they are harvested. Their trunks are cut just deep enough to tap the vessels without harming the tree's growth, and the sap is collected in small buckets. This process is known as rubber tapping. Older trees produce more latex, but they stop producing it after 26-30 years. ===Spruce(Timber)=== Spruce are trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and taiga regions of the earth. Spruces are large trees, from 20–60 (–95) m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their conical form and their needles, that are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old. ===Willow(Timber)=== Willows are a family of trees and shrubs which have many differences in size and type of growth, but are very much alike in other respects. There are about 350 species of this plant in all the world, usually found on moist soils in cooler zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Many hybrids are known, both naturally occurring and in cultivation, because willows are very fertile between their own species. ===Cabbage(Edible)=== Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is an edible plant. It is a lot like broccoli or Brussels sprouts. Cabbage is eaten many ways around the world. Coleslaw and sauerkraut are popular foods that use cabbage. It is also used to make kimchi and borscht. Red cabbage juice can be used as a pH indicator. Cabbage is green and red. ===Cauliflower(Edible)=== Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. Cauliflower is a variety of cabbage, whose white flower head is eaten. Cauliflower is very nutritious, and may be eaten cooked, raw or pickled. ===Basil(Edible)=== Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a plant of the Family Lamiaceae. It is also known as Sweet Basil or Tulsi. It is a tender low-growing herb that is grown as a perennial in warm, tropical climates. Basil is originally native to India and other tropical regions of Asia. It has been cultivated there for more than 5,000 years. It is prominently featured in many cuisines throughout the world. Some of them are Italian, Thai, Vietnamese and Laotian cuisines. It grows to between 30–60 cm tall. It has light green, silky leaves 3–5 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. The leaves are opposite each other. The flowers are quite big. They are white in color and arranged as a spike. The plant tastes somewhat like anise, with a strong, pungent, sweet smell. Basil is very sensitive to cold. It is best grown in hot, dry conditions. While most common varieties are treated as annuals, some are perennial, including African Blue and Holy Thai basil. ===Rosemary(Edible)=== Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs. ===Salvia officinalis(Edible)=== Salvia officinalis (garden sage, common sage) is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the family Lamiaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region, though it has naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use, and in modern times as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for a number of related and unrelated species. ===Parsley(Edible)=== Parsley is a fresh flavored bright green herb. It used on food as a garnish and as a seasoning in soups, sauces and salads. Some people eat parsley to get their breath to smell better. Parsley can be easily grown in gardens, as well as inside the home, wherever there is plenty of indirect sunlight. Parsley needs good, light soil, good drainage and frequent watering to thrive indoors. To harvest parsley, cut the most mature stalks near the base that are still bright green. New shoots will grow for some time from the base of an established plant. Parsley is extraordinarily rich in vitamins C and A, minerals (especially potassium),beta-carotene, folate and dietary fiber. ===Oregano(Edible)=== Oregano or Pot Marjoram (Origanum vulgare) is a species of Origanum. It is native to Europe, the Mediterranean region and southern and central Asia. It is a perennial herb. It can grow to 20–80 cm tall. Its leaves are opposite each other. They are 1–4 cm long. The flowers are purple. They can grow 3–4 mm long. The name of the plant comes from the Greek origanon [ὀρίγανον]: oros [ὄρος] “mountain” + the verb ganousthai [γανοῦσθαι] “delight in”. The subspecies of oregano Origanum vulgare hirtum is an important herb. It is used for cooking, especially in Greek and Italian cuisines. The leaves are used for cooking. ===Coriander(Edible)=== Coriander, also known as cilantro, is a herb from the Apiaceae family. Coriander is originally from the southwestern Asia across to north Africa. In the Sri Lankan Sinhalese language, it is called koththamuhlli. It is believed to have medicinal qualities, and is brewed and drunk to cure the common cold and fever. ===Lettuce(Edible)=== Lettuce is a vegetable that is very healthy to eat. Both the stems and the leaves can be eaten. Most lettuce leaves are green, but some are red. Most lettuce leaves taste bitter. Some kinds of lettuce grow in a head shape like cabbage, while the leaves of some kinds grow more loosely. The five main cultivars are: green leaf, red leaf, cos, crisphead, and stem lettuce. Common varieties are Romaine, iceberg, and butter lettuce. ===Agaricus bisporus(Edible)=== Agaricus bisporus—known variously as the common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, table mushroom, champignon mushroom, crimini mushroom, Swiss brown mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian brown, Italian mushroom, cultivated mushroom, or when mature, the Portobello mushroom—is an edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America. Agaricus bisporus is cultivated in more than 70 countries and is one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world. ===Okra(Edible)=== Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family, related to cotton and hibiscus. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. It is cultivated for the pods, which are harvested in the immature stage and used in salads and soups. ===Garlic(Edible)=== Known as Garlic, Allim sativum is a type of plant that people eat for food. Garlic is related to onions, shallots, and leeks. It has a very strong flavor and smell, so people do not use too much of it. Most of the time, people use it as a flavoring so that it helps make a food taste better. It is used as herbal medicine in the treatment of cold and flu, and has side effects of heart burn, flatulence and sweating. Garlics are divided into many parts called cloves. ===Onion(Edible)=== Onions are vegetables. They are plants in the genus Allium. When people talk about onions, they usually mean garden onions. Onions have bulbs, which are edible, in most species. They have a strong flavour, and a very distinctive smell. Onions have been grown for a very long time. They were probably first grown in Ancient Egypt, together with leek and garlic, but maybe earlier. Now, most of the world's cultures eat onions. ===Chives(Edible)=== Chives are herbs which are related to the onion. Its leaves are used for flavoring. ===Chili pepper(Edible)=== Chile pepper (also spelled Chili pepper, Chilli pepper; often shortened to chile) is the fruit of a series of plants called Capsicum (nightshade family). Those plants are now grown all over the world, but originally, they came from South America. They are used as spices or as vegetables, and also have some use in medicine. ===Jalapeño(Edible)=== The Jalapeño is a type of pepper. It is related to the family of the Chili pepper. ===Cayenne pepper(Edible)=== The Cayenne pepper is a type of Chili pepper. It is very hot and is used as a spice. ===Capsicum(Edible)=== Capsicum is a genus of plants from the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Some of these plants are used as spices, vegetables, or drugs. The fruit of Capsicum plants have a variety of names. The names vary depending on place and type. They are commonly called Chili pepper, red or green pepper, or just pepper in Britain and the US; the large mild form is called bell pepper in the US, capsicum in Australian English and Indian English, and paprika in some other countries (although paprika can also refer to the powdered spice made from various capsicum fruit). ===Beet(Edible)=== Beet (Beta vulgaris) is a plant with a round or carrot-shaped root, one variety (red beet) used as food, another (sugar beet) as a source of sugar. When pickled, red beet has many health benefits. ===Carrot(Edible)=== Carrots are a type of plant. Many different types exist. The Latin name of the plant is usually given as Daucus carota. Many people use it as a vegetable. The plant has an edible, orange root, and usually white flowers. Wild carrots grow naturally in Eurasia. Domesticated carrots are grown for food in many parts of the world. ===Ginger(Edible)=== Ginger is commonly used as a cooking spice throughout the world. It is the rhizome of the perennial plant Zingiber officinale in the family Zingiberaceae. The ginger plant has a long history of cultivation, known to have come from China and then spread to India, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and the Caribbean. ===Turnip(Edible)=== The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a root vegetable. It is found in temperate climates worldwide. Smaller kinds of turnip are grown for human food. Larger ones are grown to feed livestock. ===Radish(Edible)=== A radish is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family. People eat radishes all over the world. It was first grown in Europe in pre-Roman times. ===Wasabi(Edible)=== Wasabi is a spice from the cabbage family. Its root is used as a spice and has a very strong flavor. The root is smashed up into paste for people to eat. Its hotness is more like hot mustard or horseradish than chili pepper because it irritates the nose more than the tongue. When too much is eaten, a very painful feeling will shoot up to your nose. The plant grows naturally in Japan. ===Spinach(Edible)=== Spinach is a green, leafy vegetable. It comes from southwestern and central Asia. Its flowers are small and yellow. ===Zucchini(Ebible)=== Zucchini (British English: courgette) are a type of fruit. Usually, they are served cooked. ===Cucumber(Edible)=== The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely grown plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. This family also includes squash. A cucumber looks similar to a zucchini (British English: courgette). ===Pumpkin(Edible)=== A pumpkin is a gourd, they are usually orange, but they can also be white. They are shaped like spheres or stretched-out spheres. Pumpkins can be eaten, and are often turned into pies. ===Taro(Edible)=== Taro is a plant used as a vegetable. People eat its stem and its leaves. It is grown by people in Oceania. It is one of the earliest plants that people grew. It is poisonous when raw, but is safe to eat if it is cooked. ===Watercress(Edible)=== Watercress, Nasturtium officinale, is a plant which grows in water. It is a member of the Brassicaceae family, along with some other leaf vegetables. People grow them for eating, often in salad or sandwiches. They have a peppery flavour and are fast-growing. Watercress is related to the cabbage and mustard plants. ===Eleocharis dulcis(Edible)=== The Chinese water chestnut (or simply water chestnut) is a plant. The corms of the plant are the water chestnuts and is a crispy white flesh and can be eaten raw, slightly boiled, grilled, pickled, or tinned. This plant comes from China. They are grown in flooded paddy fields. ===Potato(Edible)=== Potato plants are herbaceous perennials with broad, green leaves that grow about 60 cm (24 in) high, depending on variety, the culms dying back after flowering. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. The tubers of varieties with white flowers generally have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects, including bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, but a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length. After potato plants flower, some varieties will produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing up to 300 true seeds. Potato fruit contains large amounts of the toxic alkaloid solanine and is therefore unsuitable for consumption. By finely chopping the fruit and soaking it in water, the seeds will separate from the flesh by sinking to the bottom after about a day (the remnants of the fruit will float). Any potato variety can also be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes, or also by cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. ===Durian(Edible)=== A durian is a big fruit with a strong smell and a hard shell with sharp thorns. Its flavour is loved by some people, especially in Southeast Asia, where people name it "King of Fruits". But many people do not like the smell. Many hotels and public transportation systems do not let people carry durians because of the strong smell. Durian's flavour has been compared to custard and almonds. There are many different kinds of durian. The fruit can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and usually weighs one to three kg (2 to 7 lb). Durian is a tropical fruit. It grows only in humid, hot places. The flesh is used for many dishes in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked. ===Apple(Edible)=== The apple has a small, leaf-shedding tree that grows up to 3 to 12 meters (9.8 to 39 ft) tall. The apple tree has a broad crown with thick twigs. The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals. They are 5 to 12 centimeters long and 3–6 centimeters (1.2–2.4 in) wide. It has a sharp top with a soft underside. Blossoms come out in spring at the same time that the leaves begin to bud. The flowers are white. They also have a slightly pink color. They are five petaled, and 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters (0.98 to 1.4 in) in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn. It is usually 5 to 9 centimeters (2.0 to 3.5 in) in diameter. There are five carpels arranged in a star in the middle of the fruit. Every carpel has one to three seeds. ===Apricot(Edible)=== Apricot is a drupe fruit. It is closely related to the plum. Small to medium sized tree, 8–12 m tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm in diameter with spreading, dense canopy; leaves are shaped somewhat like a heart, with pointed tips, about 8 cm (3 inches) wide. Flowers are white to pinkish in color. The fruit has only one seed; the color runs from yellow to orange and may have a red cast; the surface of the fruit is smooth and nearly hairless. ===Avocado(Edible)=== An avocado is a berry fruit. It has medium dark green or dark green bumpy or smooth skin depending on the variety. The flesh of an avocado is deep chartreuse green in color near the skin and pale chartreuse green near the core. It has a creamy, rich texture. Avocado trees come from Central America and Mexico. They can grow in many places, as long as it is not too cold. Avocadoes have much more fat than most other fruit, but most is fat that is healthy to eat (unsaturated fat). Avocados have lots of potassium, B vitamins, and vitamin E and K. The Mexican food called guacamole is made of avocadoes. Many other foods are also made from avocado. Avocado is poisonous to some animals. Many animals will get very sick or die if they eat avocado. ===Blackberry(Edible)=== The blackberry is an edible fruit made by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. Blackberries and raspberries are also called "caneberries" or "brambles." It is a widespread, and well known group of over 375 species, which are closely related apomictic microspecies native all over the temperate Northern hemisphere and South America. The blackberry grows to about 3 m in height. It makes an edible black fruit, known by the same name. The plant tolerates poor soil very well. It is very pervasive. It will grow fast, taking over uncultivated spots very fast. The black, juicy plump ones taste sweeter than the pre-mature blackberries (the red ones). ===Bilberry(Edible)=== The bilberry is a type of shrub that grows close to the ground. It is a member of the genus Vaccinium. The bilberry is known by many names. It is also called blaeberry, whortleberry, whinberry, myrtle blueberry, fraughan, and probably other names in different regions of the world. They are related to the North American blueberries and huckleberries. Bilberry contains nutrients good for the eyes. ===Blueberry(Edible)=== A blueberry is a berry, a very small fruit. It grows in a type of tree called a shrub. Many types of blueberries grow in North America and eastern Asia. Blueberries are more common between May and October. Blueberries have a sweet taste, with a little acidic hint. Wild blueberries have a stronger taste. Blueberries are good for making jelly, jam, pie, muffins, and many other foods. ===Cherry(Edible)=== Cherry is a fruit that grows on a tree or a bush. It belongs to the genus Prunus. It is usually red, with a seed in the middle. It tastes slightly sour, and is often used to flavour cakes and ice cream, or is baked in a pie or cobbler. Cherries are also a good source of Vitamin B. ===Date Palm(Multi-use)=== The Date Palm is a palm. It has been cultivated for a very long time because of its edible fruit. This fruit is called date. The tree is between 15m and 25m high. It has long leaves that look like feathers. Such leaves are called pinnate. The leaves can grow to 3-5 meters in length. The leaves have visible spines. There are about 150 leaflets. Each leaflet can be up to 30 cm in length and 2cm in breadth. The full span of the crown of the tree is 6 to 10 meters. The tree has one or more trunks, that all come from a single system of roots. ===Dragonfruit(Edible)=== Pitaya fruit, pitahaya fruit, commonly known as the dragon fruit, is a fruit from Asia. It is a favorite to many, particularly people of Asian origin. It has a light sweet taste, an intense shape and color, and outstanding flowers. In addition to being tasty and refreshing, this contains a lot of water and other vital minerals with varied nutritional ingredients. ===Gooseberry(Edible)=== The gooseberry is a type of fruit. It has a greenish color. It looks like an ungrown clementine. It belongs to the same family as the currant. ===Grape(Edible)=== Grapes are the fruit of a woody grape vine. Grapes can be eaten raw, or used for making wine, juice, and jelly/jam. Grapes come in different colours; red, purple, white, and green are some examples. Today, grapes can be seedless, by using machines to pit the fruit. Wild grapevines are often considered a nuisance weed, as they cover other plants with their usually rather aggressive growth. Raisins are the dried fruit of the grapevine, and the name actually comes from the French word for "grape." ===Grapefruit(Edible)=== Grapefruit is a citrus fruit grown in sub-tropical places. It is bigger than an orange and is often more sour, but many types of grapefruit have other flavors. The tree which the grapefruit grow on, normally are 5-6 meters tall but can reach up to 15 meters tall. It has dark green leaves that measure up to 150mm and has white flowers that grow 5cm in length. The fruit itself can grow 10-15cm in diameter. There are many different kinds of grapefruits with different color pulp. The most popular colors are red, white and pink. There are also a wide range of flavors grapefruits have. From highly acidic and bitter to sweet. ===Guava(Edible)=== Guavas are plants in the genus Psidium of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). There are about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees in the genus. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and the northern part of South America. Now they are found in all the tropical, and in some subtropical, regions because their edible fruits. ===Huckleberry(Edible)=== Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in two closely related genera in the family Ericaceae: Gaylussacia and Vaccinium. The fruit of most species of huckleberry can be eaten. The berries are small and round. They are usually less than 5 mm in diameter and contain 10 seeds. Berries range in color from bright red, through dark purple, and into the blues. In taste the berries range from tart to sweet. They have a flavor similar to that of a blueberry. Huckleberries are well liked by many mammals such as bears and humans. ===Kiwifruit(Edible)=== Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a fruit. It has an oval shape, and is green on the inside with small black seeds that are edible. The kiwi has furry brown skin that is edible but is usually removed. The skin is relatively thin. The kiwi is native to South China. The kiwifruit is healthy and contains many vitamins and minerals, like vitamin C, potassium, and fiber. Kiwis have more vitamin C than an equivalent amount of orange. ===Lemon(Edible)=== The lemon is a small tree (Citrus limon) that is green even in the winter. It came from Asia, and is also the name of the tree's oval yellow fruit. The fruit is used for cooking and other things in the world – usually for its juice. People do not know for sure where lemons have come from. However, most people think that lemons first grew in India, northern Burma, and China. The lemon is the common name for Citrus limon. A lemon is a yellow citrus fruit. It is related to the orange. Lemon juice is about 5% citric acid, and has a pH of 2 to 3. Lemon plants vary in size yet stay generally small. The tallest height they can get is about 6 meters tall. Lemons taste sour. The juice, zest, and pulp are often used in cooking, often on fish and other meat for better taste. Lemon is also used to flavour drinks, such as lemonade or soft drinks. ===Lime(Edible)=== Lime is a word to refer to various fruit trees. Most of them are citrus fruit. They are usually associated with the lemon. Limes have a lot of vitamin C. Sailors from Britain were given lemon or lime juice to stop them falling ill with scurvy. This is how they got the nickname Limey. Limes are small, round and bright green. If they stay on the tree for a long time they turn yellow. Then they look like small round lemons. Lime juice is used in cooking and in drinks. Lime oils are often used in perfumes, used for cleaning, and used for aromatherapy. Lime tasetes very acid and bitter, not sweet like sugar. Lime juice is also made from lime, and is in the same family as lemon. ===Mandarin orange(Edible)=== The Mandarin orange, also known as the mandarin or mandarine (both lower-case), is a small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with fruit that looks like other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is tender, and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas. The mandarin is easily peeled with the fingers, and can be easily split into even segments without squirting juice. This makes it more convenient to eat, as utensils are not required to peel or cut the fruit. ===Mango(Edible)=== A mango is a type of fruit. It is found almost anywhere, but is thought to come from the southern and southeast Asian continent including India, Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Pakistan and India share the major export market of mangoes. It is also their national fruit. Ripe mangoes are very sweet in taste but they are bitterly sour before they ripen. There are varieties of mangoes found in India: Langra, Dussheri, Chausa, Tota, Safadi, Alphonso are types of mangoes which are generally found in various parts of India at different time. ===Cantaloupe(Edible)=== A cantaloupe is a type of melon. It is a muskmelon that is probably related to the watermelon. There are two types of cantaloupe, European and North American. Cantaloupes range in size from 0.5 to 5.0 kilograms (1.1 to 11 lb). ===Honeydew melon(Edible)=== Honeydew is a type of melon in the cultivar group muskmelon. Cucumis melo Inodorus group, which includes crenshaw, casaba, Persian, winter, and other mixed melons. ===Watermelon(Edible)=== A watermelon is a type of edible fruit. They are 92% water. About six percent of a watermelon is sugar. This makes them very sweet. There are many different tlypes of watermelon. Some have a green rind on the outside and a red-pink flesh on the inside, with black seeds. Some can have yellow flesh, and some can be seedless. The green rind on the outside is not usually eaten, though it can be used as a vegetable. It can also be stewed or pickled. Most watermelons are oblong or spherical ===Peach(Edible)=== The Peach blossoms are from small to medium-sized. The tree is sometimes up to 6.5 m (21 feet) in height. When it is grown by people, though, the height it is usually kept between 3 and 4 m (10 and 13 feet) by pruning. Its leaves are green and pointy. They usually have glands that make a liquid to attract insects. Peaches are also called stone fruits because they have a shell of hard wood around their seed, called a stone or a pit. The skin of a peach is an orange or yellow color, and it is covered in small hairs called a peach fuzz. A peach without the fuzz is usually called a nectarine. The inside of a peach is a golden color. It tastes sweet and sticky. Because of this, peaches are often part of dessert. ===Pear(Edible)=== Pear is a fruit that resembles a teardrop. Ripe pears have a flavor that is best when it is cool. They are juicy. Pears do not ripen well on trees. They can be soft in the center. It is harvested when it is fully ready to be picked. They can be baked, canned or frozen. They can be made into jams, jellies or juice. They can also be made into pies and put into salads or baby food. Pear trees grow on heavy soil. It is eighty three percent water. It has a green or red skin. The pear came from Europe, Africa and Asia. ===Plum(Edible)=== A plum is a sweet fruit. Its scientific name is Prunus. (scientific names are uncommon so you should not use prunus in normal English). When dried, it is called a prune. The color "plum" takes its name from the fruit. Plum colored plums are called purple plums and are a deep purple color; other plums are reddish purple (these two varieties are shown in the picture at right). Some other plums can be yellow, red, green or even white. The fruit has a groove running down one side, and a smooth stone (seed). The flesh of the fruit is brownish and is very juicy. The skin can be eaten. It can also be used to make jam and the juice can be used to make wine. It is closely related to the apricot. ===Pineapple(Edible)=== Pineapple is a plant and a fruit. It is from Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, but is grown as a crop in other tropical areas, most famously in Hawaii. The plant is a short (1–1.5 m) with 30 or more trough-shaped, pointed leaves surrounding a thick stem. The fruit is slightly acidic and very tasty ===Pomegranate(Edible)=== The Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit. It has seeds called arils that are covered in an edible red pulp. The pomegranate was first known in Iran and the Himalayas in northern India and has since been spread to many kinds of dry areas with seasonal rain fall. Its Hindi name is anar. ===Raspberry(Edible)=== A raspberry is an aggregate fruit, meaning it is many fruits joined together. It typically grows in forest clearings or fields where fire or wood-cutting has produced open space. The raspberry flower can be a source of nectar for honeybees. As a cultivated plant in moist temperate regions, it is easy to grow. It has a tendency to spread unless cut back. Two types of raspberries can be bought in stores: the wild summer-bearing type, which produces fruit in the summer, and double- or "ever"-bearing plants, which also bear fruit in the summer. Leaves of the raspberry are used fresh or dried in herbal teas. Leaves are found in groups of 3 or 5, and the undersides are silver-white in color. Blackberries have leaves that look similar to raspberry leaves, but the undersides are green. ===Carambola(Edible)=== Carambolas, also known as star fruit, are tropical fruits. The fruit grows on trees that are native to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Star fruit is common in the south of Asia, Australia and all of the islands around Australia. The tree is also grown in tropic islands. Star fruit tastes best ripe (yellow with a little green). It will also be brown on the five edges and feel hard. If the star fruit is overripe it will be yellow with brown spots. You can eat all of the fruit, even the skin. It is sweet and very juicy. The taste is a little bit like a mix of papaya, orange and grapefruit. The Carambola is a tropical fruit. In India, it grows up to 4,000 feet in elevation. It prefers a total exposure to the sun but requires high humidity and a total of 70 inches or more of rainfall a year. It requires good drainage of the soil Carambola trees are planted 20 feet or more from each other. They grow fast and makes fruit when they are four or five years old. The rain during Spring makes the amount of fruit lower. In perfect conditions, Carambola can make from 200 to 400 pounds of fruit a year. The fruit is picked mainly during the months of June, July, and August. ===Garden strawberry(Edible)=== A strawberry is a plant that grows fruit that people eat. The fruit of a strawberry is red when ripe, and has edible seeds on the outside. Many people eat strawberries on ice cream, or dip them in sugar. Strawberries are rich in vitamin C which may help one fight off colds. Many strawberries are grown on strawberry farms and the farmers often have hives of bees that live on the farm to pollinate the strawberries. Strawberries are technically aggregate fruits, containing more than one fruit. They are swollen stems/accessory fruit. Seeds (the achenes) are the true fruit. ===Tangerine(Edible)=== A tangerine is a type of fruit. It is related to the orange, but it is smaller and easier to peel. ===Rice(edible)=== Rice is a tall, grasslike plant that grows in very moist environments, usually found along rivers. Wild rice is best harvested from canoes. Rice is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 20 years. The seeds of the rice plant are to be milled using a rice huller to remove the chaff (the outer husks of the grain). At this point in the process, the product is called brown rice. The milling may be continued, removing the 'bran', i.e., the rest of the husk and the germ, thereby creating white rice. White rice, which keeps longer, lacks some important nutrients; in a limited diet which does not supplement the rice, brown rice helps to prevent the disease beriberi. One may also parboil the rice. Parboiled rice is subjected to a steaming or parboiling process while still a brown rice. This causes nutrients from the outer husk, especially thiamine, to move into the grain itself. The parboil process causes a gelatinization of the starch in the grains. The grains become less brittle, and the color of the milled grain changes from white to yellow. The rice is then dried, and can then be milled as usual or used as brown rice. Milled parboiled rice is nutritionally superior to standard milled rice. Parboiled rice has an additional benefit in that it does not stick to the pan during cooking, as happens when cooking regular white rice. ===Job's tears, Coixseed, Adlay, Adlai(edible)=== Coixseed is a tall, grain-bearing tropical plant with grasslike leaves. Its primary use is as a drink, whether powdered, boiled, or fermented into alcohol. It has a pleasant sweet flavor, and can also be made into a vinegar. ===Green Ramie(textile)=== Green Ramie is a herbaceous perennial growing to 1–2.5 m tall; the leaves are heart-shaped, 7–15 cm long and 6–12 cm broad, and green on the underside with dense small hairs—this gives it a silvery appearance; unlike nettles, the hairs do not sting. The part used is the bark of the vegetative stalks; stems are decorticated while the plants are fresh. If this is not done while the plants are still fresh, the plants will dry out and the bark will be hard to remove. The bark ribbon is dried as quickly as possible; this prevents bacteria and fungi from attacking it. The extraction of the fiber occurs in three stages. First the cortex or bark is removed; this can be done by hand. Second, the cortex is scraped to remove most of the outer bark, the parenchyma in the bast layer and some of the gums and pectins. Finally the residual cortex material is washed, dried, and de-gummed to extract the spinnable fiber. Ramie is one of the strongest natural fibers, and exhibits even greater strength when wet. Ramie fiber is known especially for its ability to hold shape, reduce wrinkling, and introduce a silky lustre to the fabric appearance. It is not as durable as other fibers, and so is usually used as a blend with other fibers such as cotton or wool, however, it will not dye as well as cotton. It is similar to flax in absorbency, density and microscopic appearance. Because of its high molecular crystallinity, ramie is stiff and brittle and will break if folded repeatedly in the same place; it lacks resiliency and is low in elasticity and elongation potential. ===Coconut Palm(multi-use)=== The coconut palm is a large palm, growing to 30 m tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6 m long, pinnae 60–90 cm long; old leaves break away cleanly leaving the trunk smooth. Virtually every part of the coconut palm has some human uses, and the palms have a comparatively high yield, up to 75 fruits per year. * The nut provides oil for cooking and making margarine. * The white, fleshy part of the seed, the coconut meat, is edible and used fresh or dried in cooking. * The cavity is filled with coconut water which contains sugar, fiber, proteins, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Coconut water provides an isotonic electrolyte balance, and is a highly nutritious food source. It is used as a refreshing drink throughout the humid tropics and is also used in isotonic sports drinks. It can also be used to make the gelatinous dessert nata de coco. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young immature coconuts; barring spoilage, coconut water is sterile until opened. * Coconut milk is made by processing grated coconut with hot water or milk, which extracts the oil and aromatic compounds. It should not be confused with coconut water, and has a higher fat content. When refrigerated and left to set, coconut cream will rise to the top and separate from the milk. The milk is used to produce virgin coconut oil by controlled heating and removing the oil fraction. Virgin coconut oil is found superior to the oil extracted from copra for cosmetic purposes. * The leftover fiber from coconut milk production is used as livestock feed. * The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as neera, or fermented to produce palm wine, also known as "toddy" or, in the Philippines, tuba. The sap can be reduced by boiling to create a sweet syrup or candy, too. * Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm-cabbage" or heart-of-palm. They are considered a rare delicacy, as the act of harvesting the buds kills the palms. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". * Coconut nectar is an extract from the young bud, a very rare type of nectar collected and used as morning break drink in the islands of Maldives, and is reputed to have energetic power, keeping the "raamen" (nectar collector) healthy and fit even over 80 or 90 years old. A by-product, a sweet honey-like syrup called dhiyaa hakuru is used as a creamy sugar for desserts. * Newly germinated coconuts contain an edible fluff of marshmallow-like consistency called coconut sprout, produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. * In the Philippines, rice is wrapped in coco leaves for cooking and subsequent storage; these packets are called puso. * Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, brushes, caulking boats and as stuffing fiber; it is also used extensively in horticulture for making potting compost. * Copra is the dried meat of the seed and, after further processing, is a source of low grade coconut oil. * Coconut leaves can be used for making brooms. * Coir can be used for making mattresses. * The leaves provide materials for baskets and roofing thatch. * Palmwood comes from the trunk, and has several applications, particularly in furniture and specialized construction. * Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or even small canoes. * The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a good source of charcoal. * Dried half coconut shells with husks are used to buff floors. * Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered superior to those obtained from other sources, mainly because of small macropores structure which renders it more effective for the adsorption of gas/vapor and for the removal of color, oxidants, impurities and odor of compounds. * Shirt buttons can be carved out of dried coconut shell. * The stiff leaflet midribs can be used to make cooking skewers, kindling arrows, or are bound into bundles, brooms and brushes. * The roots are used as a dye, a mouthwash, and a medicine for dysentery. A frayed-out piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. *One can make a rug from coconut fiber * The leaves can be woven to create effective roofing materials, or reed mats. * Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. * Dried half coconut shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments. * Coconut is also commonly used as a traditional remedy in Pakistan to treat bites from rats. * The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. *In a jam, one can inscribe a message on the inside of a coconut husk. * Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges; they are preferred for their straightness, strength and salt resistance. Coconut trunks can also be also used for house construction. * Coconut nuts are used to make soap. * Leaves can be woven together into a basket that could be used for drawing water from a well. * The dried Calyx of the coconut is used as fuel in wood fired stoves. * The fresh husk of a brown coconut is also used as a dish sponge or as a body sponge. * The mid-rib of the coconut leaf can be used as a tongue-cleaner. ===Corchorus(multi-use)=== Corchorus is a genus plant of about 40-100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to the fibre produced from the plant, and Mallow-Leaves Mulukhiyah applied to the leaves used as a vegetable. It has a mucilaginous (somewhat "slimy") texture, similar to okra, when cooked. The seeds are used as a flavouring, and a herbal tea is made from the dried leaves. It is very important not to allow the malukhiyah to boil as it coagulates and becomes inedible. The plant also produces a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. The fabric made from jute is popularly known as burlap in North America. ===Sea Grape, Hopwood, Horsewood -- Cocoloba Uvifera(multi-use)=== Sea Grapes can grow into trees up to 40 ft., but generally stay small trees or large shrubs. Leaves are thick and heart-shaped, ranging from 3 to 10 inches. New foliage is smooth and brown or bronze in color, and flowers grow in clusters. The fruits resemble grapes, and are dark red or purple, ripening throughout the summer. Found amongst sandy dunes and coastal areas, the most common uses are are for food and wood; the wood is great for carving. The most common way to eat seagrapes is like all other grapes; rinse them off and pop them in your mouth. ===Live Oak(multi-use)=== A common site on the island Live oaks are notable for their large curving branches, deep furrowed bark and Numerous acorns. Their leaves are long and oval shaped as well as moderately thick as far as leafs go. The long branches can be trimmed easily to shape the trees growth and also can be used for curved lumber sections or firewood. The acorns off the tree are a prized commodity due to the presence of tannin and also for a food stuff in the form of flour and mash. Needless to say this tree may very well prove to be the backbone of a new civilization. ===Papaya(multi-use)=== A large pseudotree, the papaya grows up to around five or ten meters in height with a spiral leaf pattern(each leaf consisting of seven lobes and a palmate shape). the leaves only grow upon the crown of the plant and that bark is heavily scarred from previous growth cycles. The flowers are similar in shape to the flowers of the Plumeria but are much smaller and wax like. They appear on the axils of the leaves, maturing into the large 15-45 cm long, 10-30 cm diameter fruit. The fruit is ripe when it feels soft (like a ripe avocado or a bit softer) and its skin has attained an amber to orange hue. The fruit's taste is vaguely similar to pineapple and peach, although much milder without the tartness. This tree is once more a precious multi use plant. The high pectin levels allow for it to be turned into jelly and preserves and if treated properly it can be used to create a potent topical jell that can be used on burns and cuts. The seeds are edible and can be used for spices and the young leaves are useful as a green source. It should be noted that large quantities of unripe papaya might lead to issues with conception in men and women. It should also be noted that the bark is handy for rope production. ===Nippa Palm(multiuse)=== The Nipa palm has a horizontal trunk that grows beneath the ground and only the leaves and flower stalk grow upwards above the surface. Thus, it is an unusual tree, and the leaves can extend up to 9 m (30 ft) in height. The flowers are a globular inflorescence of female flowers at the tip with catkin-like red or yellow male flowers on the lower branches. The flower yields a woody nut, these arranged in a cluster compressed into a ball up to 25 cm (10 in) across on a single stalk. The ripe nuts separate from the ball and are floated away on the tide, occasionally germinating while still water-borne. Nipa palms grow in soft mud and slow moving tidal and river waters that bring in nutrients. The palm can be found as far inland as the tide can deposit the floating nuts. It is common on coasts and rivers. Its uses are extremely numerous, the leaves are a proven thatch material being easily woven together, the flower cluster (inflorescence) can be tapped before it blooms to yield a sweet, edible sap collected to produce a local alcoholic beverage called Tuba. If stored in the proper vessel this alcohol can be used to create vinegar a most useful compound. Young shoots are also edible and the flower petals can be infused to make an aromatic tisane. Attap chee ("chee" meaning "seed" in several Chinese dialects) is a name for the immature fruits -- sweet, translucent, gelatinous balls used as a dessert ingredient. The young leaves are used to wrap tobacco for smoking. Large stems are used to train swimming thanks to their buoyant nature. And finally Nipah has a very high sugar-rich sap yield. Fermented into ethanol. ===Chir Pine(multiuse)=== It is a large tree, reaching 30-50 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m, exceptionally 3 m. The bark is red-brown, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, thinner and flaky in the upper crown. The leaves are needle-like, in fascicles of three, very slender, 20-35 cm long, and distinctly yellowish green. The cones are ovoid conic, 12-24 cm long and 5-8 cm broad at the base when closed, green at first, ripening glossy chestnut-brown when 24 months old. They open slowly over the next year or so, or after being heated by a forest fire, to release the seeds, opening to 9-18 cm broad. The seeds are 8-9 mm long, with a 40 mm wing, and are wind-dispersed Uses: tapped for resin. On distillation, the resin yields an essential oil, commonly known as turpentine, and non-volatile rosin. The proportion of rosin and turpentine oil in Chir Pine is 75% and 22% respectively with 3% losses, etc. bark can be broken off and carved or for use in blacksmith furnaces when fully matured. Dead tree timber never gets waterlogged due to resin crystalisation and burns for long periods of time. Timber is not suitable for building materiel. ===Black Tupelo(multiuse)=== The leaf of Black Tupelo is variable in size and shape. It can be oval, elliptical or obovate, and 5-12 cm (2-5 in) long. It is lustrous, with entire, often wavy margins. The leaf turns purple in autumn, eventually becoming an intense bright scarlet. The flower is very small, greenish-white in clusters at the top of a long stalk. The fruit is a black-blue, ovoid stone fruit, about 10 mm long with a thin, oily, bitter-to-sour flesh. There are from one to three such fruit together on a long slender stalk. The bark is dark grey and flaky when young, but it becomes furrowed with age, resembling alligator hide on very old stems. The twigs of this tree are reddish-brown, usually hidden by a greyish skin. The pith is chambered with greenish partitions. The branches typically stand at right angles to the trunk. Uses: The wood is hard, cross-grained, and difficult to split, especially after drying. It is used for pallets, rough floors, pulpwood and firewood. ===Tamarack Larch(multiuse)=== It is a small to medium-size deciduous coniferous tree reaching 10-20 m tall, with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The bark is tight and flaky, brown, but under flaking bark it can appear reddish. The leaves are needle-like, 2-3 cm long, light blue-green, turning bright yellow before they fall in autumn, leaving the pale pinkish-brown shoots bare until the next spring. The needles are produced spirally on long shoots and in dense clusters on short woody spur shoots. The cones are the smallest of any larch, only 1-2.3 cm long, with 12-25 seed scales; they are bright red, turning brown and opening to release the seeds when mature, 4–6 months after pollination. Uses: the wood is tough and durable, but also flexible in thin strips, and can be used for making products where toughness was required. This wood is highly rot resistant and also does not rot fast in water. The natural crooks located in the stumps and roots are also preferred for creating knees in wooden boats. The inner bark has also been used as a poultice to treat cuts, infected wounds, frostbite, boils and hemorrhoids. The outer bark and roots are also said to have been used with another plant as a treatment for arthritis, cold and general aches and pains. Tamarack is only found in the highlands of the island due to its alpine nature. ===Millet(multiuse)=== Millets are a hardy, versatile, group of small-grained cereal crops that occur in both wild and domesticated varieties. In general, millets are very nutritious and easy to grow, even in poor soils or drought conditions. The types occurring on the island are Black and White fonio, which mature in six to eight weeks, Foxtail Millet, which matures in 10 to 12 weeks. Fonio is a thin-leafed grass-like plant, growing to a height of three or four feet. Foxtail Millet, though still grass-like, has thicker leaves, and grows to between 3 and 6 feet tall. The grain from these plants can, after hulling, be ground into flour for flatbreads or eaten as porridge. It is good to add to soups and stews, but even better for fermenting and brewing into beer. Millet can also be used as an animal feed and a filling for beanbag chairs. ===Amaranth, Pigweed(multiuse)=== Amaranths are a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are recognized, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold. Often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals, and ornamentals. Both the leaves and seeds of Amaranths are edible, and in fact very palatable. The seeds are called "quinoa", and are used like a grain. The flowers make a fine, deep, red dye. The plant is also noted for growing handsome, drooping spikes of red or purple flowers, and it makes an attractive addition to ornamental gardens. ===Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace(multiuse)=== Very similar in appearance to the deadly Water Hemlock, Daucus carota is distinguished by a mix of bi-pinnate and tri-pinnate leaves, fine hairs on its stems and leaves, a root that smells like carrots, and occasionally a single dark red flower in its center. Wild carrot should be handled with care, as its leaves can cause hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. A teaspoon of crushed seeds has long been used as a form of birth control; its seeds block progesterone synthesis, and can interrupt implantation. ===Bamboo(multiuse)=== Bamboo is a woody, fast growing, evergreen grass that grows like a tree. Bamboo is a durable building material when harvested at the end of the dry season, and new shoots are edible in all species but the Giant Bamboo. The shoots of the giant bamboo contain cyanide, and eating them will kill you. Shoots of all other species can be eaten fresh, pickled, or fermented. Bamboo can be processed like flax or hemp to produce a product that can be worked into paper or spun into thread and made into clothing. Bamboo is also easily used to make musical instruments. ===Arrowroot(multiuse)=== Arrowroot is a low growing plant with variegated leaves, deep green and yellow-white in color. Arrowroot tubers contain starch. They are first washed, then cleaned of the paper-like scale, washed again, drained and finally reduced to a pulp by beating them in mortars or subjecting them to the action of the wheel-rasp. The resulting milky liquid is passed through a coarse cloth or hair sieve and the pure starch, which is insoluble, is allowed to settle at the bottom. The wet starch is dried in the sun or in a drying house and the result is a powdered starch that can be added to all sorts of things to thicken them. Arrowroot can also be used to make paper, and can supposedly draw poison out of wounds if applied quickly. ===Flax(multiuse)=== Flax is an erect annual plant growing to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) tall, with slender stems. The leaves are glaucous green, slender lanceolate, 20–40 mm long and 3 mm broad. The flowers are pure pale blue, 15–25 mm diameter, with five petals; they can also be bright red. The fruit is a round, dry capsule 5–9 mm diameter, containing several glossy brown seeds shaped like an apple pip, 4–7 mm long. Various parts of the plant have been used to make fabric, dye, paper, medicines, fishing nets, hair gels and soap. ===Papyrus(multiuse)=== This tall, robust, leafless aquatic plant can grow 4 to 5 m (13 to 16 ft) high. It forms a grass-like clump of triangular green stems that rise up from thick, woody rhizomes. Each stem is topped by a dense cluster of thin, bright green, thread-like stems around 10 to 30 cm (4 to 10 in) in length, resembling a feather duster when the plant is young. Greenish-brown flower clusters eventually appear at the ends of the rays, giving way to brown, nut-like fruits. Papyrus is a versatile plant. It can be used to make paper, the woody roots can be made into bowls and eating utensils, and the buoyant stalks can be woven into boats. The pith of young shoots can be eaten, and the stalks can be woven into sails, rope, cloth, cords mats, and sandals. ===Slash Pine(Timber)=== This tree reaches heights of 18–30 m (59–98 ft) with a trunk diameter of 0.6–0.8 m (2.0–2.6 ft). The leaves are needle-like, very slender, in clusters of two or three, and are 18–24 cm (7.1–9.4 in) long. The cones are glossy red-brown, 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) in length with a short (2–3 mm/0.079–0.12 in), thick prickle on each scale. It is known for its conical shape. Slash pine is a precious source of resin. A common harvest technique it to gouge a portion of the tree and let the material flow freely onto or into a container. This resin is a potent material and can be used to create naval stores, water tight seals and turpentine. ===Chinese swamp Cypress(Timber)=== It is a medium-sized to large tree, reaching 30 m (98 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m (3.3 ft), possibly more. The leaves are deciduous, spirally arranged but twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks, 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) broad, but 2–3 mm (0.079–0.12 in) long and scale-like on shoots in the upper crown. The cones are green maturing yellow-brown, pear-shaped, 2–3 cm (0.79–1.2 in) long and 1–1.5 cm (0.39–0.59 in) diameter, broadest near the apex. They open when mature to release the small, 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long, winged seeds. ===Smooth tree ferns(timber)=== Reported to reach 20 m or more in height. The broad, lance shaped, bipinnate-pinnatifid to tripinnate fronds can reach 5 m in length. Stipe is long and has a line of white, stitch like dashes along its length. Rachis and stipe are covered in white-brown and darker orange-brown scales. The trunk can become smooth with age and may display oval scars left from fallen fronds.
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