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==Major Fauna of the Island == '''The threat system:''' A handy 1 to 10 scale created by a local anon, this system gives us a relative idea of how dangerous something is when encountered in a hostile context; or in general depending on the species. The difference is, at times, irrelevant. 1- Non-threatening; most often either a medium-sized fish or trilobite, or a small herbivore like a rabbit. 1-rated creatures are very [[squishy]]. 2- Might leave you scratched up if you really tick it off- a small wombat, for instance. Just whack it over the head until it stops. 3- Can give you a nasty gash or bite; perhaps a fully-grown wombat, or a small placoderm that thought you might be a tasty treat. The best method is to dispatch these is with a large, heavy object. 4- Be careful not to get too dinged up! You might wind up with a nasty gash or a broken bone if you are stupid about things. Some examples are a startled young moa, or very large wombat you tried to get too close to. 5- A possible threat if riled; the best example being the lovable Moa. 6- A fight one on one. If you're not caught by surprise, you should be able to take the beast. An example would be a solitary raptor or a lone, small terror bird. 7- Something surely scary to the individual, but not a major threat to a well prepared group. Velociraptors often fall into this range. Travel in groups and carry reliable weapons to avoid becoming lunch. 8- A creature that is hard to kill, but are often alone, and can be driven off. A Haast's eagle that's mistaken you for a moa or a deinonychus out in the open. Be ready for a hard fight, but don't give up. 9- A lethal threat; hard to fight and often an ambush predator. The largest of the sea scorpions and the dreaded pouch lion claim this rank. 9-rated creatures are very [[crunchy]], but with a little teamwork and the proper tools, they can be dispatched. 10- The best thing to do in the face of a ten is steer clear. This is a beast not to be trifled with; these are animals in the order of Dunkleosteus. Not even a good, sturdy rifle blast would pose a real threat. 11- Hypothetical rating. Assigned to horrors that remain unseen, such as Deep Crows, and to the elusive Spinal Tapliphant. ===Cainotherium commune(1)=== An incredibly odd little creature, the cainotherium is a member of the Ungulate group, though its size and build would suggest a closer relation to rabbits and other rodents. The giveaway is the hooves; this small, rabbit-like creature's feet end not in paws, but hooves. Its primary means of locomotion is like that of a rabbit, and it tends to browse the small tender shoots of low lying shrubs and grasses. When standing still, the animal looks a bit like a cross between a rabbit and a deer; its long back legs bent comfortably beneath it, and its small, narrow face filled mostly with large, alert eyes and long, jack rabbit like ears for cooling. Their primary habitat is fallen branches and tangles of undergrowth near bamboo stands. ===Trilobites(1)=== A general lumping of multiple species that all come from the same evolutionary lines, Trilobites are armored, segmented creatures that come in a variety of sizes. The little buggers have proven to be an excellent food source for anyone on the coast and might serve as the basis for future fisheries. As it stands, trilobites are steadily becoming the basal species of many aquatic and shoreline ecologies. Filling in niches that many bottom feeders have on our old world. Many species also have limited mobility on land, and it is believed that some actually breed in tidal pools found along the shoreline. Thankfully, they pose little to no threat. ===Ammonites(1)=== Ammonites are a of marine animals related to octopus, squid, and cuttlefish. Their name came from their spiral shape as their shells somewhat resemble tightly-coiled rams' horns. The largest specimens have a diameter of approximately 2.55 m. Many ammonoids live in the open water of the seas, rather than at the sea bottom. Many of them (such as Oxynoticeras) are good swimmers with flattened, discus-shaped, streamlined shells, although some ammonoids are less effective swimmers and are likely to be slow-swimming bottom-dwellers. The soft body of the creature occupies the largest segments of the shell at the end of the coil. The smaller earlier segments are walled off and the animal can maintain its buoyancy by filling them with gas. Thus the smaller sections of the coil float above the larger sections. They feed on plankton and smaller mollusks. Some escape predation by spraying ink and fleeing. ===Leaellynasaura(1)=== Leaellynasaura is a small orithopod dinosaur. Leaellynasauras are bipedal with big eyes. The eyes helped them see in the dark of the polar nights. Some family members watch out for predators, and call out loudly if one is seen, allowing the dinosaurs to flee. They are herbivores. ===Budgies(1)=== The Budgerigar is a very small species of parrot, closely related to Lories and Fig Parrots. Wild budgies are small, long-tailed, predominantly green and yellow birds with black scalloped markings on the wings and shoulders. They are social, traveling in large flocks, and they eat mostly vegetative matter and seeds, but do have a need to occasionally scavenge a bit of egg or meat. They love to eat millet, and spray millet is suggested as a treat for training pet budgies. Budgies are smart, cute, vocal, easy to domesticate, and are capable of repeating human speech like larger parrots; and as a bonus, they are also delicious. Female budgies have been known to lay unfertilized eggs for no apparent reason. Budgies can bite a human or scratch with their small talons, but would have a difficult time drawing blood. ===Propalaeotherium(1)=== Propalaeotherium is a prehistoric horse resembling somewhat a tapir. It has no hooves instead several small nail-like hooflets. They are herbivores and subsist on berries and leaves. It has four hooflets on its feet and is the size of a cat. They eat grapes that contain alcohol that can dull the little horse's senses. ===Titanomyrma(1)=== They resemble the ants we have today but 50 times bigger. About the size of a large hummingbird. ===Cephalaspis ("Head Shield")(1)=== Not a single species; rather a genus of fish that share a distinct set of characteristics. These fish range in size from as small as a goldfish to as large as a decent sized trout(a few inches to a foot or so in length). The tell-tale sign of this genus is the distinct large Bone 'shield' that is its head. These jawless fishes swim along the bottoms of lakes and slow moving streams eating detritus, worms, and algae while avoiding the various predators that would take it for a tasty snack. The worst thing these could give would be a bruise from thrashing around and hitting you with its head. ===Leptictidium ("Delicate Weasel")(1)=== Leptictidium ("Delicate Weasel") is a small leptictid mammal that hops like kangaroos do, but is a placental (non-marsupial) mammal. Hopping aside, the front of a Leptictidium resembles elephant shrews or sengus. Just like them, it is a small animal less than a meter in height, and thus it is prey for various animals, such as Gastornis and Ambulocetus. ===Iberomesornis(2)=== Iberomesornis is a small omnivorous bird. The wingspan is about twenty centimeters; its weight has been estimated at fifteen to twenty grams. It bears a single claw on each wing. ===Wombat(2)=== One of the most unexpected sights on the archipelago was the wombat. These little guys roam across the island foraging and avoiding predators. Nocturnal and often holed up inside of its burrow networks, wombats have been known to venture forth on days that are cool or overcast so as to avoid the heat of the day. Wombats are herbivores; their diet consists mostly of grasses, sedges, herbs, bark, and roots. Their incisor teeth somewhat resemble those of the placental rodents, being adapted for gnawing tough vegetation. Wombats have an extraordinarily slow metabolism, taking around 14 days to complete digestion, which aids their survival in arid conditions. They generally move slowly, and because of this are known for taking shortcuts, but when threatened they can reach up to 40 km/h (25 mph) and maintain that speed for up to 90 seconds. Wombats defend home territories centered on their burrows, and react aggressively to intruders. The Common Wombat occupies a range of up to 23 ha (57 acres), while the hairy-nosed species have much smaller ranges, of no more than 4 ha (9.9 acres). The wombat's primary defense is its toughened rear hide, with most of the posterior made of cartilage. This, combined with its lack of a meaningful tail, makes it difficult for any predator that follows the wombat into its tunnel to bite and injure its target. When attacked, wombats dive into a nearby tunnel, using their rump to block a pursuing attacker. Wombats may allow an intruder to force its head over their back and then use their powerful legs to crush the skull of the predator against the roof of the tunnel, or drive it off with two-legged 'donkey' kicks. ===Anurognathus(2)=== Anurognathus is a small pterosaur. They spend most of their lives on large herbivores. They live in an almost symbiotic relationship, in which Anurognathus cleans ticks off the animals hide, and animals on which pterosaurs live, gives protection and shelter to the small Anurognathus. It mostly feeds on small insects and fish. It has a 35 centimeter wingspan. And has a nine centimeter long body from head to toe. ===Godinotia(2)=== Small primates with lemur like faces. Godinotia are about 30 cm long, excluding the tail, smaller than a domestic cat. They're nocturnal primates that help the Propaleotherium that graze with them from. They are omnivores. ===Sambar Deer(2)=== Sambar (also sambur, sambhur, Tamil: Kadaththi maan, Assamese: Xor Pohu), is the common name for several large dark brown and maned Asian deer, particularly for the Indian species (Cervus unicolor), which attains a height of 40 to 63 in at the shoulder and may weigh as much as 1200 pounds, though more typically 357-574 pounds. The coat is dark brown with chestnut marks on the rump and underparts. The large, rugged antlers are typically rusine, the brow tines simple and the beams forked at the tip. In some specimens the antlers exceed 40 in. Sambars are primarily browsers that live in woodlands and feed mainly on coarse vegetation, grass, and herbs. They are diurnal animals who live in herds of 5-6 members, grazing on grass, sprigs, fruit and bamboo buds. A free ranging species, these animals are found across the island, wandering almost anywhere you could think to find them. They prefer to be near water sources and those often are a good tell-tale sign. A possible candidate for domestication, their antlers may prove useful and easy to harvest due to their yearly shedding. Oddly, few predators seek to take on a full grown animal. Most often they are taken out along the shore line by large sea scorpions and alligators, but sickly or injured animals have also been found to be a prey species for Pouch lions and raptors. ===Peteinosaurus(2)=== Peteinosaurus is a small pterosaur. It has a 60-cm. wingspan and mainly eats insects such as dragonflies. ===European honey bee(2)=== The European honey bee or western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species of bee. They produce honey, and have a painful sting. ===Helicoprion(3)=== A large(10-15 ft.) shark-like fish. This animal is well suited to hunting down shelled animals and breaking them open to get the prize inside. Swimming in the open ocean and along the coastlines, this large fish preys on ammonites and trilobites using an odd, circular pattern of teeth. This spiral of teeth is prized for its numerous small serrated bits, which can be used to create arrowheads. Given its preferred prey species, this large, imposing fish actually poses little threat. Short of getting hit by the serrated teeth when harvesting one, you should have no issue with them. ===Didelphodon(3)=== A Didelphodon is a small marsupial. It is about a meter in length and like most mammals it is an omnivore. Didelphodon fills the niche that foxes do. It both resembles a badger and lives in burrows as badgers do. ===Apidium(3)=== Apidium are small monkeys. The Apidium species are well adapted to life in tropical forests. The Apidium show an ability to run along branches and leap between trees. Males are much larger than females, and have large canine teeth. Its hind feet are particularly good at grasping branches, ensuring that it doesn't fall to the forest floor below, where predators might be waiting Unlike their nocturnal relatives, these primates are diurnal, using their keen eyesight to find ripe fruit and insects in the trees, which they then eat using their specially rounded and flattened teeth. Much of its walking time would have been spent in the search for food, and it may have had to wander over a wide area to satisfy its hunger. They live in small groups, where a small number of males have control over several females. The males fight one another over mating rights and for the ultimate right to control a particular group of female Apidium. ===Tapir(3)=== Tapirs are pig-like animals. They are dark brown in color, with low, erect manes running from the crown down the back of the neck. The Tapir can attain a body length of 5.9 to 8.2 feet, with a 2.0 to 3.9 inch short, stubby tail, and can grow to 600 pounds in weight. They stand somewhere between 2.5 to 3.5 ft at the shoulder. They are excellent swimmers and divers but also move quickly on land, even over rugged, mountainous terrain. Tapirs prefer to stay in the water to avoid land-based predators, and are known to run to water when startled. Due to their body size, a tapir could probably harm a [[human]], but they very strongly prefer to run rather than fight. The species has a life span of 25 to 30 years. ===Mountain Goat(3)=== An alpine species that prefers the tops of mountains and large hills to the forests and plains, the Mountain Goat grazes among the sparse vegetation at high elevations. Though they can weigh up to 300 pounds, most weigh about half that. Outside of mating season, the males form loose groups of twos and threes, while the females can be found in groups of 50 or more. Though they are not the most aggressive animals, Mountain Goats can be quite territorial, and will readily fight to protect their resources and their young. They are most vulnerable to large, flying animals, as their preferred elevation can only protect them from land-bound predators. ===Rhamphorhynchus(4)=== Rhamphorhynchus are small long-tailed pterosaur. It has needle-like teeth for striping bark to find insect larvae, but its main food is fish, just as in case of modern sea gulls. Its wing span was roughly 1.4 meters wide. They were very capable fliers. Rhamphorhynchus feeds mostly on fish, insects and their larvae, but they also appear to like horseshoe crab eggs. This modest-sized pterosaur is very successful. The role of Rhamphorhynchus is like birds who live on sea coasts today: to clean the beach of carcasses of dead animals. Rhamphorhynchus measures 1.26 meters (4.1 ft) long with a wingspan of 1.81 m (5.9 ft). ===Tapejara(4)=== Tapejaras are pterosaurs. These flying reptiles show wide diversity in size, some with a wingspan of 6 meters. The different species of tapejaras bear differently sized/shaped crests, used to signal and display for the other pterosaurs, much as modern toucans use their bright bills to signal to one another. Like the other pterodactylid pterosaurs, they lack teeth and eat fish and shellfish, caught in the marine shallows. ===Muttaburrasaurus(5)=== Muttaburrasaurus is a member of a large Iguanodont family. However, what makes Muttaburrasaurus special is that it lives in sub-polar rain forests. Unlike most of the Iguanodonts who prefer living in open regions or rare woodland regions, Muttaburrasaurus live in dense jungles, where its greenish-brown color makes it blended with environment. A fully grown and healthy adult has no natural predators. Like most Iguanodonts, this one can also move on two feet. One of most distinguishing features of this animal is an inflatable sack at the nasal region, which males use for sexual display during mating seasons. Most of eerie sounds of polar forests are from large herds of Muttaburrasaurus trampling across landscape. Muttaburrasaurus is about 8 meters (26 ft) and weighs around 2.8 metric tons (3.1 short tons). They are herbivores. ===Pony(5)=== Ponies are small horses. There are many different breeds of ponies. Ponies are not baby horses and they stay small even as adults. A baby horse or pony is called a foal. These horses are raised around farms like other horses. ===Megaloceros(AKA Irish Elk)(5)=== It is a deer with huge antlers also known as a giant or Irish elk not closely related to the modern moose, red deer, and wapiti, but was more closely related to the fallow deer. Eventually the final species with the 3.7 meter antler span has evolved making a permanent existence in the forest impossible causing the giant deer to migrate to the cold steppes and tundras. The Irish Elk stands about 2.1 meters (6.9 ft) tall at the shoulders and weighs 700 kg (1,500 lb) or more. ===Torosaurus(5)=== Torosaurus is related to Triceratops, but at about 6.5-8 meters (21-26 ft) in length and weighing an estimated 4 to 6 tonnes (4.4 to 6.6 tons), it is smaller and lighter. It is also rarer than Triceratops. However, It has one of the largest skulls of any land animal known, reaching 2.6 meters (8.5 ft) in length. They move in herds for protection. The males fight with their horns over females during mating season. Charging almost everything. ===Chalicotherium(5)=== Chalicotherium is a Prehistoric animal. They are a type of giant ground sloth. Chalicotherium, like many members of Perissodactyla, are adapted to browsing, though uniquely adapted to do so among its ungulate relatives. Its arms are long and heavily clawed, allowing them to walk on their knuckles only. The arms are used to reach for high branches and bring them close to its short-faced head to strip them clean of leaves. The horse-like head itself shows adaptation to a diet of soft vegetation, since, as the animal reaches sexual maturity, the incisors and upper canines shed, suggesting that its muscular lips and the resulting gum pads are enough to crop fodder which was then processed by squarish, low-crowned molars. These animals sit on their haunches for extended periods of time while feeding. ===Megatherium(5)=== Megatherium is a giant ground sloth. A member of the Xenarthran mammal family, it usually eats plants, but was also big and strong enough to eat carrion, not unlike the Arctodus bear of North America. It has armour-plated skin for defence and powerful clawed forelimbs for attack. Megatherium is one of the largest land mammals known, weighing up to 4 tones and up to 6 m (20 ft) in length from head to tail. It is the largest known ground sloth, as big as modern elephants. ===Macrauchenia(5)=== Macrauchenia is a Prehistoric animal. Their noses are like Wind socks. Macrauchenia have a somewhat camel-like body, with sturdy legs, a long neck and a relatively small head. Its feet, however, more closely resemble those of a modern rhinoceros, and have three hoofs each. It is a relatively large animal, with a body length of around 3 meters (9.8 ft) and a weight up to 1042 kg. One striking characteristic of Macrauchenia is that, unlike most other mammals, the openings for nostrils on its skull are atop the head. ===Woolly Rhinoceros(5)=== Woolly Rhinoceros is a companion, or at least a close neighbour, to the woolly mammoth. Just like the mammoth, it is clad in thick, reddish-brown fur that is longer on its neck and forequarters, perhaps forming a mane of sorts. It is no higher than 1.6 meters in the shoulders, but it is 3.5 meters in length, with an estimated weight of around 2,721–3,175 kg (6,000–7,000 lb). It lives on grasses and thus is a steppe, or rather a tundra animal, just like its close relative the Elasmotherium, which, however, lived further down south, and thus it didn't need to use its horn to sweep away snow to find food in winter, as the wooly rhinoceros did. It's a close relative of the modern rhino. ===Ankylosaurus(5)=== Ankylosaurus means "fused lizard". It defends itself by pressing itself into the ground. When the Meat eaters come to attack, it would do that or use his ball-like tail to hit any predators. Ankylosaurus is an ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaur related to Polacanthus, but at 9-11 meters in length and 6-7 tons it was more than twice as big, and is armed with a tail club formed of fused bone. Ankylosaurus is the largest of its kind. Ankylosaurus is a plant-eating dinosaur; its bony armour weighs it down so much that it feeds only on low-growing shrubbery and other vegetation. However, its legs are directly underneath its body, not sprawled out like a tortoise's, and when it was confronted with a predator, Ankylosaurus can move quickly enough. In addition, such formidable natural defenses mean that ankylosaurus does not need any serious brain power, and consequently its brain is quite small, even though the skull of this dinosaur is quite big and thick - even ankylosaurus's eyebrows are armoured for better protection. ===Embolotherium(5)=== Embolotheirum is a Brontothere, a prehistoric perissodactyl (odd-toed) mammal. Up to 2.5 m tall, it has a brain no bigger than an orange, and is not the brightest of beasts. It weighs around 2 tonnes and has a 70 cm. bony growth on its nose, the reason for its name, 'battering-ram beast'. It is a herbivore that feeds only on leaves of shrubs and bushes. ===Diprotodon(5)=== The largest (known) marsupial that ever lived. It resides, along with many other members, in a group of unusual species collectively called the Australian megafauna. They inhabit open forest, woodlands, and grasslands, possibly staying close to water, and eating leaves, shrubs and some grasses. The largest specimens were hippopotamus-sized: about 10 feet long from nose to tail, standing 6 ft 7 tall at the shoulder and weighing up to 6,142 pounds. Diprotodon superficially resembles a rhinoceros without a horn. Its feet turn inwards like a wombat’s, giving it a pigeon-toed appearance. It has strong claws on the front feet and its pouch opening faces backwards. Footprints of its feet have been found showing a covering of hair, which indicates it had a coat similar to a modern wombat. They are browsers on the largest order; treat these animals with respect and caution. They might prove to be a great food source if tamed, but they are also the Pouch lion's favorite prey, making them a hazard to hunt if you are not cautious. ===Anclyotherium(5)=== Although it is relatively big, it is a very cautious creature. They are a type of ground sloth. Ancylotherium is a territorial, but a timid creature, easily scared away even by a Humans' intimidation display. At two meters high at the shoulder and a weight of nearly 500 kg, Ancylotherium are relatively large, and built rather like a goat. Like other chalicotheres, it has long forelimbs and short hind limbs. However, unlike most other chalicotheres, it does not walk on its knuckles. ===Indricotherium(5)=== Indricotherium (also known as Baluchtherium and Paraceratherium) are a species of prehistoric mammal. Male indricotheres weigh 20 tons, females - 15 tons and newborn calves - around 250kg. They are roughly 4 - 4.5 meters tall and around 8 meters long. When an indricothere calf becomes three years old, its mother has to chase it away so that the female has no problem giving its next, unborn, calf the best chance to survive. They are herbivores. Indricotheres are so huge that they can go without food or water for days and it protects them from predators too. Calves are weaned off milk when about a year old. By the time indricotheres are 4 years old, they can defend themselves. ===Deinotherium(5)=== These are primitive elephants with a hair trigger temper. It has tusks under its lower jaw to strip bark off trees. These massive animals, are, however, much larger than any of their modern relatives. These mighty creatures stood at over 4.6-5 meters tall at the shoulder, and weighed in at hefty 14-15 tonnes in mature males. ===Iguanodon(5)=== Iguanodon is an ornitischian dinosaur related to Dryosaurus, and is the largest and most successful member of the iguanodont dinosaurs. In length, Iguanodon is up 9-12 meters long and weighs about 3.5 tons. It lives in herds alongside Polacanthus, an armored dinosaur. It uses its size, thumb spikes and communal life style to protect it from predators such as Utahraptor - it is better defended than some of its fellow herbivores, such as Anatotitan, who could only flee when attacked. Iguanodons also have specialized teeth for grinding up vegetation. The maximum speed of Iguanodon is estimated at 24 km/h (14.9 mph). ===Moeritherium(5)=== It resembles tapirs and hippos. The Moeritherium species were pig-like animals. They are smaller than modern elephants, standing only 70 centimeters (2.3 ft) high at the shoulder and are about 3 meters (9.8 ft) long. They wallow in swamps and rivers, filling the ecological niche now filled by the hippopotamus. They eat soft water vegetation. ===Dorudon(5)=== Dorudon is a Prehistoric whale. Though it is smaller than Basilosaurus, it is very similar to it overall, and just like basilosaurus it is essentially an older, less advanced version of the modern whales. These are social animals and live in pods like dolphins. They feed on fish and mollusks with their razor sharp teeth. They were about five meters (16 ft) long. ===Polacanthus(5)=== Polacanthus is a herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur that grows 4 to 5 meters (13 to 16 ft) long. Like Ankylosaurus, Polacanthus has armour and spikes, but like other nodosaurids, it lacks a tail club. Instead, it had additional spikes on the sides of its body armour, giving it extra reach and protection against such predators as Utahraptor: when confronted by them, Polacanthus will face them front-on (unlike the Ankylosaurus, who turns sideways instead) and keep them away via its front spikes. ===Cryptoclidus(5)=== Cryptoclidus is estimated to weigh about 8 tons. Its head is rather flattened, with eyes facing upward. The skull is broad and light, with jaws lined with about a hundred long, fine teeth, ideal for catching fish and squid. The internal nares were set forward, and the nostrils were relatively small. At up to 8 meters (26 ft) long, Cryptoclidus was a medium-sized plesiosaur. It has a neck that is up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) long that does not seem to be very flexible. This probably keeps its bulky body away from its small head so as not to alarm potential prey. It has four broad paddle-shaped limbs, with which it either "flies" through the water in wave-like undulating movements, or swims like a porpoise by moving upwards on two flippers and gliding back down again on the other two. Due to their seal-like body plan, Cryptoclidus are amphibious animals instead of fully marine reptiles. Despite looking clumsy and cumbersome, in water it is relatively graceful, using all four limbs as paddles, to swim and hunt its prey. It lays eggs in sand. The fragile build of the head and teeth preclude any grappling with prey, so they enjoy a diet of small, soft-bodied animals such as squid and shoaling fish. Cryptoclidus uses its long, intermeshing teeth to strain small prey from the water, or sift through sediment for buried animals. The size and shape of the nares and nasal openings are used to sample seawater for smells and chemical traces. ===Stegosaurus(5)=== Stegosaurus is a stegosaurid dinosaur, and one of the largest of its' kind, up to 10 m long and up to 3 tons in weight. On average, though, it is smaller, up to 9 m in length, and weighs 2-2.9 tons as well. It is a herbivore and is able to temporarily stand up on its hind legs to reach branches above its normal reach. A Stegosaurus's brain is really small for its overall body size - no bigger than a walnut, and that is why these dinosaurs have a secondary nervous center in their hips region, to better control the movement of their hind legs and formidable tail, which is armed with spikes up to 1.2 meters long. Stegosaurus lives in small herds. ===Diplodocus(5)=== Diplodocus is a 25 meter long, 25 tonne sauropod dinosaur. Diplodocus is one of the longest animals ever. Seismosaurus, a species of Diplodocus, is 33.7-53.9 meters long and 34 tonnes in weight. In fact, it is so large that even a pack of Allosaurus aren't able to hunt fully grown specimens (though Allosaurus can attack individuals which are weak, sick, old, injured and young). They live in huge herds, sometimes up to 100 Diplodocus, led by a matriarch, like elephants. Diplodocus have a long lifespan sometimes up to 120 years (it could be shorter lifespan if it is a warm-blooded animal like most dinosaurs). Diplodocus hatchlings eat 2-3 kilograms(4-6 pounds) per day, until they reach young adulthood. Diplodocus lives in a symbiotic relationship with a small pterosaur called Anurognathus who cleans off ticks and other parasites that live on skin of Diplodocus. ===Doedicurus(5)=== Doedicurus has spikes on its tail to defend itself, both to protect itself and in competition for females. Doedicurus looks very similar to the dinosaur Ankylosaurus but it is relatively smaller (the size of a small car) and with extra spikes on the tail for extra protection. It is a mammal. With a length of four meters and weight of 2 tons, Doedicurus is easily one of the larger members of the glyptodonts, armoured herbivores that are related to modern day armadillos. ===Woolly mammoth(5)=== Woolly mammoths have a number of adaptations to the cold, most famously the thick layer of shaggy hair, up to 1 meter in length with a fine underwool, for which the woolly mammoth is named. The coats probably molted in summer to cool off, otherwise it will overheat and die. They also have far smaller ears than modern elephants. Other characteristic features included a high, peaked head that appears knob-like and a high shoulder hump resulting from long spines on the neck vertebrae that probably carried fat deposits. Fully grown mammoth bulls reach heights between 2.7 m (9 ft) and 3.2 m (10 ft) while the dwarf varieties reach between 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and 2.0 m (6.6 ft). Woolly mammoths have extremely long tusks — up to 5 m (16 ft) long — which are markedly curved. The Wooly Mammoth weigh 12000 - 20000 lbs. ===Basilosaurus(5)=== Basilosaurus, just like Dorudon, is a prehistoric whale (Archaeocetii). It is around 20 meters in length with a skull approximately 1.5 meters long. Its' post-cranial skeleton resembles that of the modern whales, but it has nostrils rather than a blowhole, and its' ribcage indicates that it can't dive as deep as the modern whales can. It has saw edged teeth for catching fish. ===Plateosaurus(5)=== Plateosaurs are dinosaurs reaching up to 10 meters. This animal lives in small groups from 5 to 20 Plateosaurus of this species. Plateosaurus is mostly dark green with white stripes, probably to hide behind tall vegetation. Plateosaurus has a long neck to help him reach vegetation. It might have swallows smaller stones and rocks to help it digest food. Plateosaurus has a large claw on its thumb for defense against predators. Plateosaurus walks both on all fours and its hind legs. ===Moa(5)=== Some of the largest herbivores on the Island, the Moa roam amongst the low-lying coastal forests and rocky foothills. They are challenged only by the might of the Haast's eagles that soar overhead. These ten foot tall ground birds are reasonably docile and roam in small herds or as solitary animals. They nest amongst rocky areas that have large quantities of pumice which they hollow out to form nesting sites. Not the brightest among birds, they are herbivorous, and so long as not overtly threatened will pose no great danger. Should you startle them, however, be ready for a kick that will make a horse's seem like a love-tap. There have been talks of domesticating these large birds, but it should be noted that unlike many animals we have tamed, they are not naturally large flock animals, instead traveling in small groups of two or three. ===Ornitholestes(6)=== Ornitholestes is a small theropod dinosaur. Ornitholestes means "bird thief'; it feeds upon lizards and small mammals, occasionally stealing eggs from large dinosaurs. Ornitholestes stands at approximately 2.08 m (6.82 ft). It weighs 15 kg (33 lb). ===Dromaeosaurus(6)=== Dromaeosaurus ("Running lizard") is a medium-sized theropod dinosaur, about 2m (6ft) long and 15kg (33lb) in weight. It is unique among dromaeosaurs as, unlike other medium-sized dromaeosaurs such as Velociraptor, it has a short, massive skull, deep mandible, and robust teeth, made for crushing and tearing meat. It has a very stiff tail, like all dromaeosaurs, and it has a huge, sickle-like claw on its second toe, most likely used to slash the throat of its prey. ===Bear-Dog(6)=== Bear-dogs are as small as 5 kilograms (11 lb) and as large as 100 to 600 kilograms (220 to 1,300 lb). It is a carnivorous, dog like mammal that can run very fast and dig efficiently. It uses its speed to chase down rabbits and small rodents, but are also able to dig them out of their burrows. ===Dhole(6)=== The Dhole typically weighs 26–44 pounds and measures 35 inches in body length and 20 inches shoulder height. The tail measures 16–18 inches in length. There is little sexual dimorphism. The Dhole has a broad, domed skull and a short, broad muzzle. The bones of the forehead and upper jaw are "swollen", producing a dish-faced profile. The hooded eyes have amber or light brown irises, and the ears are large and rounded. An extremely wide ranging animal, they often compete with raptors for prey species. The Dhole are a truly interesting pack animal. Normally ranging in groups of around twenty, they roam the countryside, searching for food in a complex social system that is reminiscent of wolves. It is believed these animals might be a possible domestication candidate and hunting animal due to the records of India's nobility using them in tiger hunts. It should be noted that the adults are not untameable, but the pups have proven quite suited to the task. ===Ambulocetus(6)=== Ambulocetus ("Walking Whale") is a cetacean. It looks somewhat a crocodile and hunts just like one as well. It is a master of the aquatic ambush. On land, it is much more sluggish than in water. Ambulocetus is known to swim up and down like a mammal and not side to side like fish or crocodiles. It is an exclusive carnivore. Ambulocetus is 3 meters long (10 feet). ===Koolasuchus(6)=== Koolasuchus is giant temnospondyl amphibian (almost as big as the modern American crocodile and bigger than any of the modern amphibians. This species is carnivorous. It's estimated to be around 4 to 5 meters (13 to 16 ft) in length. Its mass has been estimated to be up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). Like other chigutisaurids, it had a wide, rounded head and tabular horns projecting from the backside of the skull. ===Gastornis(6)=== Gastornis ("Gastorn's Bird") is a neognath bird. It is a massive, flightless creature around 2.2 meters tall with a 45 cm. skull and beak, shaped like a hatchet. Although the beak's tips aren't hooked, the sheer mass and sharp edges of this organ indicate that Gastornis hunts various small animals. Gastornis has a relatively short neck and thick legs. Gastormis is an ambush predator. ===Entelodont(7)=== Entelodont is a prehistoric animal. They are omnivorous but prefer meat. Entelodonts are best described as "Hogs from hell" with tusks, a brain no bigger than an orange, and hunt or at least scavenge in groups. Entelodonts also appear bigger (or stockier) than Hyaenodons that are apparently the size of modern day rhinos. ===Velociraptor(7)=== Small, cunning and feathered, these normally desert-dwelling pack hunters roam the highlands in search of easy prey. These nasty little buggers will chase down quarry over the span of days and will often ambush animals that are larger than themselves. Their territory is often a radial area around the primary nesting site, a series of small, scraped out areas that are unassuming to the naked eye. Oddly, not many raptors are found at these sites, but some brave individuals have found what seem to be burrows in their general vicinity. A typical 'raptor is not much bigger than a turkey. ===Dinofelis(7)=== Dinofelis is a medium-sized but powerful cat that possesses two prominent sabre teeth. It lives in forests and open woodlands. It is a lone hunter, and stalks its prey carefully before pouncing and swiftly killing it with its sharp claws. The front limbs of dinofelis are particularly strong and muscular, allowing it to deliver debilitating strikes with its claws, and also to pin struggling prey to the ground. Its short sabre-teeth are used to help deliver fatal wounds, especially to the neck region. The favourite prey of dinofelis are humans. It is not a fast runner, so it spends most time stalking its victims before making a sudden leap. They are 70 cm tall and weigh 87.8 kg (190 lb). ===Ophthalmosaurus(7)=== Ophthalmosaurus (meaning “eye lizard” in Greek) is an ichthyosaur, named for its extremely large eyes. It has a graceful 6 meter long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw is well adapted for catching squid. Like all of its relatives, it gives birth to live young due to the fact it is so specialized to life in the open ocean. They weigh typically 1-2 tons, with a diet consisting of fish, squids and mollusks. ===Postosuchus(7)=== Postosuchus is a member of archosaur infraclass or "ruling reptiles". Up to 6 meters long, two meters high. The main diet of Postosuchus consists of dicynodonts and other animals smaller than itself. Postosuchuses are fiercely territorial and ready to fight to death if another member of their own species ventures into their territory. It should be noted how slow these predators are however. ===Andalgalornis steulleti(7)=== Reaching heights of 5.2 feet is Andalgalornis steulleti, another genus of the family Phorusrhacidae. While far smaller than the Kelenken, it is still capable of crushing bones in its large beak. The Andalgalornis's beak is in fact the largest in proportion to the rest of the body compared to the rest of phorusrhacids. Capable of reaching speeds even faster than its larger cousins, the Andalgalornis is also more nimble and agile. Andalgalornis may have hunted in packs of two or three; its hunting habits similar to that of the Kelenken. Due to pack tactics, Andalgalornis could take out larger foes than their size would indicate, and common targets are single Moa or other herd beasts. Their habitat is large, open plains. ===Ornithocheirus(8)=== Ornithocheirus is a huge pterosaur. After Quetzalcoatlus and Pteranodon, this is the biggest flying reptile of all time, with a wingspan reaching almost 12 m (40 ft). The males have crests on their snouts to attract mates. Outside of mating, Ornithocheirus are lone pterosaurs, the members of that species avoiding each other, preferring the company of other, smaller pterosaurs, whom they occasionally harass to steal their catch of fish. ===Deinonychus(8)=== The Velociraptor's much larger cousin, these sleek killing machines roam the swamps either in small packs of two or three, or as a solitary hunter. Eight to nine feet in length, these stealthy hunters will stalk prey much like a tiger; waiting until the right moment to strike. When they do, they make it known with a flurry of screeches and flailing claws. Deinonychus is naturally found in the low swampy areas of the island and will not attack large groups that they perceive as obvious threats. ===Haast's eagles(8)=== If you thought the raptors were bad, you have yet to encounter one of the native birds. Soaring across the island are massive eagles from a bygone era. With a wingspan up to nine feet in width, these great hunters soar overhead with surprising grace. Their diet normally is comprised of Moa and other large flightless birds, but people are not off the menu. Their preferred method of attack is to dive from the sky, dropping down onto their prey with claws outstretched. Tackling their victims, they will quickly tear open the throat, or a vital area, causing the victim to die from loss of blood. Needless to say- watch the skies. ===Smilodon(8)=== Smilodons are the biggest sabre-toothed cat of all times, and definitely the most famous. Smilodons are over 100 to 500 kg depending on the species. They behave like modern lions, with females doing most of the hunting and males most of inner-species fighting. The sabre-teeth of the animal are used to bite in the prey's neck, destroying the blood vessels and strangling the windpipe. However the saber-teeth are delicate, so the sabre-tooth cats eat only the soft parts of the body. This is very wasteful, and thus other creatures, like the terror birds and the Megatherium (a giant ground sloth of South America), often scavenge at the cats' kills. It is more than 1.40 m (55 in) high at the shoulder, 2.6 m (100 in) long on average and had a 30 cm (12 in) tail. Its upper canines reach 30 cm (12 in) and protrude up to 17 cm (6.7 in) out of the upper jaw. ===Sea Scorpions(varies)=== Swimming off the coasts are some of the most fearsome insects to have ever lived. Once again a general term for a collection of species, the sea scorpions range in length anywhere from a few inches (a tasty treat actually) to over eight feet. The best method of dispatching these beasts is the use of a heavy object to smash the hard exoskeleton. It has been noted that there are, in fact, two large varieties; neither of which is pleasant. There is one large ocean-dwelling variety, and a slightly smaller freshwater variety. They both share the viscous temperament associated with their genera and should be considered a major threat if encountered. There have been reports of some species being able to crawl up onto the shore; currently these are unconfirmed... ===Utahraptor(8)=== Utahraptor is a dromeosaurid dinosaur of the theropod family, at 6 or 6.5 meters in length, 2 meters in height, and 700 kilograms in weight, it is the biggest member of its family, much bigger than its later kin, such as the more famous Velociraptor. Just like the later raptor species, utahraptor is armed with sickle-like claws on its hind legs and it has self-replenishing teeth in its jaws (and also talons on its forelegs). Its' prey includes various plant-eating dinosaurs such as Iguanodon and Polacanthus. It is capable of hunting in packs (or at least small family groups) and launching ambushes similar to those of modern lions or similar carnivores. It also had a pecking order in which to feed - adults first and subadults later. === Kelenken guillermoi(8)=== Perhaps the largest flightless bird to ever walk the planet, Kelenken are a genus of family Phorusrhacidae. Standing at about 3.2 meters, or 10 feet, tall, it dwarfs even the tallest person when standing erect. Its beak was in the area of 18 inches long, and its slender, 28 inch skull would be perfectly capable of swallowing a medium sized dog whole. Its beak is curved at the end and Kelenken is perfectly capable of using its strong neck muscles to punch with its beak like a sledgehammer. Paleontologists predict the most terrifying thing about this critter is its ability to reach land speeds in excess of 30 miles per hour. It is also important to remember the large, clawed feet of the bird, easily capable of trampling almost anything that gets underfoot, though this is likely not a usual tactic. The Kelenken is an Apex Predator, and typically the top of the food chain in its given habitat, capable of taking on multiple raptors or even a deinonychus. It's main sources of food are Moa or steppe-dwelling herbivores which it can effortlessly outrun. Kelenken's main habitat are large, open plains where it can make the most of its high endurance and speed. Kelenkens are natives to /k/ island. ===Cave Lion(9)=== Cave lions are related to African and Asian lions we have today, but at 1.2 meters high at the shoulders and at 2 meters in length and a weight of about 160-350 kg, it was larger than the modern animals. These lions also lack manes unlike the modern beasts. Unlike the modern lions, however, cave lions (panthera leo spelaea) also have thick fur, like the modern Siberian tigers, especially in winter. The hunt alone or in pairs in the forests. ===Eustreptospondylus(9)=== Eustreptospondylus is a carnivorous dinosaur. It is a theropod, related both to Allosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Unlike them, however, Eustreptospondylus is an amphibious hunter, capable of swimming from island to island and hunt both on land and in the shadows. And is about 4.63 meters (15.2 ft) long. ===Thylacoleo or Pouch Lion(9)=== The Thylacoleo, or pouch lion, is a brute found hunting the lowlands. Individuals ranged up to around 29.5 in height at the shoulder, and about 60 in from head to tail. Measurements taken from a number of specimens show that they averaged 220 to 285 lb in weight, although individuals heavier than 350 lb may not have been uncommon. This would make it quite comparable to female Lions and Tigers in general size. The creature has a retractable thumb claw, clawed paws and semi-opposable thumbs, and is capable of leaning on its talk to stand, much like a kangaroo. It's known to climb trees, taking its prey with it. An elusive hunter; listen for its low growling calls in forested areas in order to escape its vicious temper. Be ready for an ambush if you spot any of the tell-tale signs of thylacoleo; long series of deep gashes along tree trunks indicate it may have recently climbed into one; droppings containing bone fragments and half eaten corpses hanging from trees are the most obvious signs. ===Hyaenodon(9)=== Hyaenodon was a deadly predator whose species range in size from a fox to a small rhino. It roams the plains, has powerful jaws, huge claws and is a fast runner. Part of Hyaenodon's hunting success comes from its teeth, which are specifically designed to shear and rip through meat, even more so than the modern carnivores, they are also self sharpening. The smaller Hyaenodon species hunt at night in packs, cooperating with one another to bring down and kill prey that was larger than themselves. The biggest species of Hyaenodon, which stands taller than a man, hunts alone and are very territorial, defending their patch against any trespassers. ===Andrewsarchus(9)=== Andrewsarchus is a mesonychid. It is a hunter and a scavenger. About 5.5 meters long, 1.8 meters tall and weight 1 tonne it is the largest land mammal carnivore on earth. They lurk near beaches. ===Allosaurus(10)=== Allosaurus is one of the top predators. While most specimens grow up to 9.5 meters long, the largest specimen (formerly identified as Epanterias) grew to 12.1 meters long, making it one of the biggest predator on the land, almost as big as Tyrannosaurus Rex, but with a more light build and a relatively weaker bite, designed to rip flesh rather than to crush bone. They were probably pack hunters and used their numbers to catch larger animals such as Apatosaurus and Diplodocus. Proof of this was shown in the Cleveland Lloyd-Quarry with 75% of the bones belonged to Allosaurus. Though, not everyone agrees and think that like modern reptiles, it showed aggression to each other. The name Allosaurus means "different lizard". Allosaurus was mostly found in many parts of North America including Utah, Colorado, Dakota, Texas, and other parts of the U.S, but also Allosaurus ranged into parts of Africa such Tanzania etc, and also Australia has a smaller, dwarf-species version. An adult individual of Allosaurus measures 4 m tall, is over 12 m long and weighs up 2-5 tonnes in weight. Moreover, the body of this dinosaur is agile and flexible enough for them to be the most successful, best-adapted predators. One basic features of Allosaurus is its teeth, which are sharp long and serrated, and built more like knives to tear and slice up flesh from the bodies of its victims. Its claws are long and sharp, helping not only leave scars but also its arms are opposal, and it can actually cling on to its victims. Its feet are designed for speed enabling 25km/ph and were fast enough to help it run long distances, and can leap and jump short-distances when close-contact with its prey. Also it has 3 clawed feet and can use them to slice open flesh, and also to help him seem lighter when walking and running. Its tail is long and strong enough to keep balance while running, and can change directions quickly in order for this. Unlike the carnivores such as the Tyrannosaurus rex, allosaurs hunt in packs with or without family units but only when hunting giant prey such as Sauropods. ===Tyrannosaurus Rex(10)=== Tyrannosaurus is a theropod dinosaur. Growing up to 40 ft long, 13 ft tall, and weighting up to 7 tons, it is a giant. This dinosaur has one of the most powerful bites in the animal kingdom, though the giant shark Megalodon has an even more powerful one. They are both hunters and scavengers, able to reach up to 40 km/h. Their main diet consists of hadrosaurs like Anatotitan. These are easy prey in comparison to ceratopsids like Torosaurus and armored dinosaurs like Ankylosaurus. They are also potential cannibals, eating their own kind. T-rex chicks have feathers. They may rarely hunt in packs. ===Dunkleosteus(10)=== One of the most dreaded predators of the island a beast that prowls along the coastlines and deep bays and inlets This monstrous fish can reach up to thirty-three feet in length. A true hyper predator, this monster will hunt anything, including boats and the people aboard them. Noted for its massive armored face and jaws this beast is one of the new leviathans of the waters of the world. Currently, there is no reasonable way to kill these creatures. Your safest bet is to simply run. ===Megalodon(10)=== Megalodon are prehistoric sharks. Superficially, megalodon resemble modern great white sharks, but with the overall body length of up to 16 meters, they have jaws with a 2-metre-wide opening span, studded with teeth that are quite different from the modern white sharks and could swallow them whole. Weighing up to 52 tons, Megalodon is the largest shark of all times. Being so big, megalodon hunt practically everything that lives in the oceans - dolphins, primitive whales, manatees, etc. ===Liopleurodon(10)=== Liopleurodon is a pliosaur and perhaps the mightiest aquatic predator of all time. Its long body can cruise silently through the shallow seas, propelled by its flapping flippers. Liopleurodon is a hunter. Its long jaws and rows of needle-sharp teeth make marine crocodiles, the giant fish Leedsichthys, ichthyosaurs and even other pliosaurs vulnerable to attack. Liopleurodon's nose allows it to smell underwater. This allows Liopleurodon to smell its prey from some distance away. Despite needing to breath air, Liopleurodon spends its entire life at sea and is unable to leave the water. Consequently, it gives birth to its young alive and visits shallower water to breed. Liopleurodon can weigh up to 150 tons, making it the third largest animal to have existed in Earth's history, after the blue whale and Leedsichthys. One more reason that would seem to suggest that Liopleurodon can grow to lengths of 25 or more meters, is the fact that like dinosaurs, pliosaurs do not stop growing with age. And because Liopleurodon had no natural predators, it can live up to 100 years. Easily enough time to grow more than 82 feet. 10-15 meters of length seems to be an accurate size for this colossal pliosaur.
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