Egypt

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Egypt is a region of Africa that is home to one of the oldest known civilizations in the world. The ancient Egyptians are best remembered for their intricate beliefs about the importance of the afterlife, which led to their creation of the pyramid (a square-based triangular tomb of stone) and the mummy (a bandaged corpse specially prepared to last for eternity). They are generally the only African culture that the mass majority of people outside of Africa is actually aware of, which can at least be partly blamed on its presence in the Bible and the "Egyptology" craze that hit the US in the mid-1900s. Most people categorize it as a Middle-Eastern area due to the sand and the political influence of modern day Egypt, but most of its famous points are west of the Red Sea.

As one of the earliest civilizations, the genetic makeup of their civilization and particularly their ruling classes are of great interest to those studying them. Despite being located in Africa, Egypt was not always a solely black civilization; the pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty in particular were outright Greeks who, with the exception of Cleopatra, didn't speak the local language. Earlier mummies have been found with blonde and red hair, as well as non-African DNA. This is likely the result of constant campaigns by other civilizations into the continent early in the country's history, which would naturally require passage through Egypt, thus further emphasizing its importance in African history.