Reincarnation

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Reincarnation is a variant of the iconic Raise Dead spell in Dungeons & Dragons, although it has proven less popular in the wider /tg/ universe than its cousin. Compared to Raise Dead, typically a cleric spell, Reincarnation is a traditionally Druididic spell aimed at bringing dead PCs back to life so you don't need to generate a whole new character. It also tends to be lower leveled and/or cheaper than Raise Dead.

So, why isn't it popular? Well, Reincarnation is a real-life belief that, when you die, your soul is then reborn in an entirely new form. It could be a person of any race or sex, an animal, or a plant. So, Reincarnation the spell puts you at the mercy of the Random Number God, with the potential for "fun" varying widely depending on which edition you're playing. At best, you just wind up an entirely different demihuman or humanoid race to how you started - which could completely fuck over your character class, in some editions. At worst, you could come back as an animal, and thus be unable to play at all... Yeah people tend to stick to Raise Dead for a reason. The sole saving grace of Reincarnate is that the target becomes a young adult and could be someone who died of old age, but this doesn't help it that much. Third Edition limited recipients to the same type (Humanoid etc.), though its still really bad.

Pathfinder would add two new toys that mean it's actually relevant, though still not near its rival. First is Cyclic Reincarnation, which returns the creature in "a body that closely resembles its original body", enough one would mistake them for family, so you won't ruin your build and is manageable. Getting Contingency on the same list as this spell is one of the easier ways to obtain immortality. The second new toy is Forced Reincarnation, a Witch Hex that kills and resurrects the target, giving them the negative levels typical of having been brought back to life (and really screwing over dragons). This gives inherent immortality since it can be used on yourself.

Tables

1e AD&D Druid Version

d%	Incarnation
01-03	Badger
04-08	Bear, Black
09-12	Bear, Brown
13-16	Boar, Wild
17-19	Centaur
20-23	Dryad
24-28	Eagle
29-31	Elf
32-34	Faun
35-36	Fox
37-40	Gnome
41-44	Hawk
45-58	Human
59-61	Lynx
62-64	Owl
65-68	Pixie
69-70	Racoon
71-75	Stag
76-80	Wolf
81-85	Wolverine
86-00	Use magic-user reincarnation table

See P.64 of 1e AD&D PHB for details.

1e AD&D Magic-User Version

d%	Incarnation
01-05	Bugbear
06-11	Dwarf
12-18	Elf
19-23	Gnoll
24-28	Gnome
29-33	Goblin
34-40	Half-elf
41-47	Halfling
48-54	Half-orc
55-59	Hobgoblin
60-73	Human
74-79	Kobold
80-85	Orc
86-90	Ogre
91-95	Ogre Mage
96-00	Troll

See P.85 of 1e AD&D PHB for details.

2e AD&D Version

d%	Incarnation
01-03	Badger
04-08	Bear, Black
09-12	Bear, Brown
13-16	Boar, Wild
17-19	Centaur
20-23	Dryad
24-28	Eagle
29-31	Elf
32-34	Faun/Satyr
35-36	Fox
37-40	Gnome
41-44	Hawk
45-58	Human
59-61	Lynx
62-64	Owl
65-68	Pixie
69-70	Racoon
71-75	Stag
76-80	Wolf
81-85	Wolverine
86-00	DM's Choice

Similar to 1e AD&D with minor tweaks. See P.297 of Revised 2e AD&D PHB or P.235 of original 2e AD&D PHB for details.

2e BD&D Version (Type of Body Appearing)

Roll 1d8	Incarnation
1	Human
2	Human
3	Human
4	Dwarf
5	Elf
6	Halfling
7	Original Race
8	Monster (See Below)

2e BD&D Version (Type of Monster Body Appearing)

Roll 1d6	Lawful	Neutral	Chaotic
1	Blink Dog	Ape, White	Bugbear
2	Gnome	Bear*	Gnoll
3	Neanderthal	Centaur	Kobold
4	Owl, Giant	Griffon	Manticore
5	Pegasus	Lizard Man	Orc
6	Treant	Pixie	Troglodyte
*Any normal bear

See 2e BD&D Rules Cyclopedia Ch3 for details.

3.0 PHB Version

d%	Incarnation	Str	Dex	Con
01-03	Badger	+4	+8	+4
04-09	Bear, Black	+8	+2	+4
14-17	Bear, Brown	+15	+2	+8
18-25	Boar	+4	0	+6
26-28	Centaur	+8	+4	+4
29-32	Dryad	0	+4	0
33-42	Eagle	0	+4	+2
33-42	Elf	0	+2	-2
43-46	Gnome	-2	0	+2
47-48	Hawk	-4	+6	0
49-58	Halfling	-2	+2	0
59-78	Human	0	0	0
79-80	Leopard	+6	+8	+4
81-82	Owl	-4	+6	0
83-86	Pixie	-4	+8	0
87-90	Satyr	0	+2	+2
91-96	Wolf	+2	+4	+4
97-99	Wolverine	+10	+8	+8
100	Other (DM's Choice)	?	?	?

See P.244 of 3.0 PHB for details.

Dire Reincarnation

d%	Incarnation	Str	Dex	Con
01-13	Dire Rat	0	+6	+2
14-26	Dire Weasel	+4	+8	0
27-39	Dire Badger	+4	+6	+8
40-50	Dire Bat	+6	+12	+6
51-59	Dire Ape	+12	+4	+4
60-68	Dire Wolverine	+12	+6	+8
69-77	Dire Wolf	+14	+4	+6
78-84	Dire Boar	+16	0	+6
85-90	Dire Lion	+14	+4	+6
91-96	Dire Bear	+20	+2	+4
97-100	Dire Tiger	+16	+4	+6

The full details Dungeon Web Enhancement Issue 100

Eberron Variant

d%	Incarnation	Str	Dex	Con
01-03	Bugbear	+4	+2	+2
04-08	Changeling	0	0	0
09-15	Dwarf	0	0	+2
16-22	Elf	0	+2	-2
23-24	Gnoll	+4	0	+2
25-31	Gnome	-2	0	+2
32-37	Goblin	-2	+2	0
38-42	Half-elf	0	0	0
43-49	Half-orc	+2	0	0
50-56	Halfling	-2	+2	0
57-61	Hobgoblin	0	+2	+2
62-71	Human	0	0	0
72-73	Kobold	-4	+2	-2
74-78	Lizardfolk	+2	0	+2
79-88	Orc	+4	0	0
89-98	Shifter	0	+2	0
99	Troglodyte	0	-2	+4
100	Other	?	?	?

The full details

3.5 PHB Version

d%	Incarnation	Str	Dex	Con
01	Bugbear	+4	+2	+2
02-13	Dwarf	0	0	+2
14-25	Elf	0	+2	-2
26	Gnoll	+4	0	+2
27-38	Gnome	-2	0	+2
39-42	Goblin	-2	+2	0
43-52	Half-elf	0	0	0
53-62	Half-orc	+2	0	0
63-74	Halfling	-2	+2	0
75-89	Human	0	0	0
90-93	Kobold	-4	+2	-2
94	Lizardfolk	+2	0	+2
95-98	Orc	+4	0	0
99	Troglodyte	0	-2	+4
100	Other (DM's Choice)	?	?	?

See P.270 of 3.5 PHB for details.

Pathfinder 1e Version

d%	Incarnation	Str	Dex	Con
01	Bugbear	+4	+2	+2
02-13	Dwarf	0	0	+2
14-25	Elf	0	+2	-2
26	Gnoll	+4	0	+2
27-38	Gnome	-2	0	+2
39-42	Goblin (ARG Goblin)	-2	+2	0
43-52	Half-elf	0	+2	0
53-62	Half-orc	+2	0	0
63-74	Halfling	-2	+2	0
75-89	Human	0	0	0
90-93	Kobold (ARG Kobold)	-4	+2	-2
94	Lizardfolk	+2	0	+2
95-98	Orc (ARG Orc)	+4	0	0
99	Troglodyte	0	-2	+4
100	Other (GM's Choice)	?	?	?

Similar to the 3.5 table but for a few tweaks details here.