GURPS
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The Generic Universal RolePlaying System, usually shortened to GURPS, is a roleplaying game made by Steve Jackson Games. It has lots of numbers and expansion books. GURPS is the quintessential universal system; it is so flexible that you can bend it in half and fold it inside itself. It is the paradigm of the simulationist category of games. All simulationist games since GURPS secretly aspire to kill GURPS and wear its skin while drinking the delicious delicious heart's blood. Its detail is surpassed by I.C.E.'s Rolemaster series, but GURPS doesn't suffer from the Table Within a Table Within a Table Within a FUCK YOU problem.
The basic premise behind the system is that you create your character and customize all of his abilities using points that you get at creation and as your character progresses. It uses the d6 exclusively and you generally want to roll under your relevant ability score to succeed in a given task. This can be augmented in difficulty by adding or subtracting the amount of dice rolled. A roll of a 3 or 4 is a critical success, while an 18 is always a critical failure. SJG put out a free .pdf synopsis of the rules called "GURPS Lite", which is enough to play a barebones version of the game.
GURPS' simulationist bent results in it being regarded as excessively complicated by many gamers, earning it the humorous moniker "Generally Unplayable RolePlaying System".