God
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A god is a superhuman being or spirit worshiped as having power over nature or human fortunes (also known as a deity). They are the central focus of a religion (a system of beliefs and teachings revolving around the belief in and worship of a supernatural being). In some accounts they are also the creator (or creators) of the world, the universe and everything in it - in-universe in the case of some fictional universes.
In real-life there are various religions and the majority of the world's population are religious, and even some non-religious people believe in the existence of a god or gods. The most followed are the Abrahamic faiths Christianity Judaism and Islam who worship God as the Supreme Creator and Ruler of the universe. Religions go back to at least the beginning of human history and some are based in history.
As a person's religious beliefs are their most important beliefs (regarding the non-religious, their non-religious view is still their most important belief), and this in turn determines the big things such as the purpose of life, how life should be lived and what happens to people after they die, this has led to a lot of arguments and even in some cases wars (though not as many of the latter as some people claim). As a result of the massive influence in real-life (which is undeniable regardless of anyone's personal views and beliefs on the subject) and the various views on the subject, God, a god or gods often appear or are referenced in fiction.
tl;dr - What the God-Emperor of Mankind aspires to be in authority and eternalness while at the same time alternately despising and fighting or denying the existence of (Note: while the Emperor is deified and worshiped in the Imperium, few if any claim the Emperor made humanity and the universe).