Gotcha Monster

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The Wolf-In-Sheep's-Clothing, one of the more bizarre awesome D&D Gotcha Monsters, in action.

Gotcha Monster is a slang term used in /tg/ circles to refer to any of the wide array of monsters whose hunting strategy revolves around disguising themselves or lurking in seemingly innocuous places and then trying to kill adventurers the moment that they let their guard down even the slightest. The term is most associated with Advanced Dungeons & Dragons and Old School Roleplaying, which gave rise to some of the most infamous species of Gotcha Monsters in existence, but the basic idea can be found pretty much throughout gaming circles.

Some also argue that monsters which do not directly attack players, but damage their combat abilities in some way, such as Rust Monsters and Disenchanters, also count as Gotcha Monsters.

A Game Master who relies on using Gotcha Monsters to excess is known as a Killer Game Master. Or else as a dick.

D&D Gotcha Monsters

Aside from slimes, golems, therianthropes and shadows, which can easily be portrayed in this way, D&D has a long list of Gotcha Monsters.

• Aballin: A slime-like creature that resembles a mass of animate water, which it pretends to be before drowning and digesting anything that attempts to drink from it.

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• Impersonator: Basically the same as an aballin, except it can take the form of anyone it kills.

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• Adherer: A monstrous humanoid which looks like a mummy, but which is actually a living being covered in fibrous skin-strands that secrete a gluey resin. They use these to catch an adventurer's weapon and rip it out of his grasp, whereupon they can beat him to death.

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  A Pathfinder adherer fighting Carmen Sandiegorc.

• Animated Object: Could be a table, a chair, or just about anything in the room waiting to surprise you.

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• Animator: An invisible spirit that possesses objects and has spellcasting abilities. Come in three types: Minor, Common and Greater. The more powerful it is, the bigger the object it can possess.

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• Assassin Vine (Choke Creeper): A predatory vine-like plant that drapes itself across tree branches, and attempts to strangle any animal that gets within range.

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• Bloodring: A blood-drinking parasitic worm that disguises itself by pretending to be an enchanted ring, as it can extend its own innate magic resistance to any creature it is touching.

• Boneleaf: An aberration that resembles a plant. It is intelligent and can use illusions lure prey. All boneleaves in an area are actually parts of a single organism so what one learns, all boneleaves nearby also learn.

• Bowler: Rocks Fall, Everyone Dies, but the rocks are sentient.

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• Brain Mole: An ordinary mole that happens to feed on mental energy, resulting in it draining away memories and potentially leaving its victims as drooling vegetables if they get too close to its den.

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  ALL GLORY TO THE HYPNOMOLE
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• Carrionette: A sapient, malicious marionette-type puppet that possesses independent motion and a malicious desire to kill people.

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• Chaos Imp: An annoying imp subspecies native to Limbo, which can "possess" inanimate matter and reshape it to their will, which they use to play potentially deadly pranks.

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• Cloaker: A killer manta ray that disguises itself as a cloak to trick people into wearing it, which lets it eat them. From 3e onward they no longer disguise themselves as cloaks, and so aren't really gotcha anymore.

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• Cushion Fungi: Carnivorous fungi that look like pillows and release soporific spores so people will sleep on them.

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• Death Linen: Killer pillow that smothers you in your sleep. Also comes in pajama and towel variants.

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• Disenchanter: A creature resembling a blue camel with an elephant's trunk that sucks the magical energy out of magic items.

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• Dusanu: It looks like a Skeleton, but it actually is a Fungus that animates bones and not an undead and so doesn't have their weaknesses and it is also infectious.

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• Goop Ghoul: Basically the same as a dusanu, but the skeleton is being controlled by a slime. Has a paralytic touch.

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• Ear Seeker: A wood-eating insect that often infests dungeons doors, and will bore into the ears of anyone who tries to listen at those doors, because they like to lay their eggs in the ear canals of humanoids so their larvae can feed on living brain tissue.

• Executioner's Hood: Predecessor of the darkmantle. It jumps onto your head and strangles you to death.

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• Eye of the Deep: A relative of Beholders that likes to fool people at sea with illusions of things like mermaids.

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• Gambado: A predatory monster that hides itself in a pit with just its head - covered in a seemingly abandoned skull - poking out. It then jumps out and tries to kill anyone who gets too close.

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• Gargoyle: A vicious predatory creature that disguises itself as a statue in order to attack prey when their guard is down.

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• Gas Spore: A floating puffball fungus that disguises itself as a Beholder; when burst by a spear or arrow, it explodes in a shower of lethally poisonous spores.

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• Genius Loci: A living, malevolent piece of landscape.

• Goldbug: A blood-sucking beetle that disguises itself as a gold coin to get close to its humanoid prey.

• Shrieker: Mushrooms that scream really loudly and attract other monsters to you if you disturb them.

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• Throat Leech: A small leech that infests ponds and streams, and which prefers to feed by swimming down the throat of anyone drinking the water so it can attach itself to the inside of the throat and suck their blood, incidentally suffocating them as it swells up.

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  The classic "throat leech in the canteen" prank

• Living Wall: A mass of undead flesh and bone melded together, which uses innate illusions to disguise itself as an ordinary stone wall until something living comes close, whereupon it tries to rip them apart and absorb them into its mass.

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• Lurker: A flattish monster, somewhere between a slime and a flying manta ray, that clings to the ceiling and then drops on people to smother them.

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• Trapper: A bigger version of the Lurker, which disguises itself as a dungeon or cavern floor and then rises up to crush and devour anyone who steps on it.

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• Miner: A forest-dwelling variant of the Trapper, which hides itself on forest trails and waits until victims step on its back, stabbing themselves on its numerous paralytic poison-carrying quills so it can then smother and devour them.

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• Giant Black Squirrel: A 2ft-long, black-furred relative of the squirrel that inhabits "evil-dominated forests". Harmless, but likes to steal valuables from travelers.

• Mimic: A predatory slime-like creature which disguises itself as an inanimate object (most iconically a chest) to lure in humanoid victims. Larger mimics can disguise themselves as entire rooms or even buildings.

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• Piercer: A carnivorous gastropod which resembles a stalactite; it clings to cavern ceilings and then attempts to drop on anything that moves below, hoping to fatally impale them on its sharpened shell. In 5e they were retconned as the larval form of ropers.

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  Who would want a model of this thing?

• Raggamoffyn: A set of clothes that take control of your body if you put them on.

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• Roper: A tentacled monster that disguises itself as a rock outcropping, boulder or stalagmite until victims get within range.

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• Bi-nou: Pretty much identical to the roper in form and function, except it has two eyes and humanoid arms.

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• Rot Grub: Voracious predatory maggots which infest mounds of dung and carrion, and which will leap to infest and devour living creatures that get too close.

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• Rust Monster: A giant beetle-like creature that feeds on metal, dissolving arms and armor in pursuit of food.

• Heway: An intelligent snake which hunts by climbing into wells or ponds and then shedding its skin, which transmutes the water into a toxic fluid; it then eats anything killed by drinking the fouled water.

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• Treant: An intelligent tree which will rip you to pieces if it thinks you're destroying the forest. Fortunately, they're technically good guys, so you won't usually need to fight them.

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• Dark Tree: A malevolent counterpart to the Treant.

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• Noran: Another malevolent version of the Treant which lurks in underground environments.

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• Singing Tree: Yet another malevolent counterpart to the Treant, which uses hypnotically alluring songs to bring victims closer.

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• Quickwood: Yet another evil version of the Treant, which attacks with its roots.

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• Sheet Phantom: A malevolent undead which possesses a thick blanket and uses it as a physical body to try and grapple, trap and smother living beings.

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• Stunjelly: A variant of the Gelatinous Cube which clings to a single section of stone wall and paralyzes anyone who touches it. Then it oozes over their body and eats them.

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• Lock Lurker: A vicious invertebrate that resembles a gold coin, until it extends its legs and the lethally poisonous, scorpion-like stinging tail it normally hides in the Ethereal Plane.

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• Heart Tick: An oversized tick that latches onto victims with its barbed legs so it can puncture their heart and siphon out the richest, most potent blood in their body.

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• Living Web: A slime-like entity that disguises itself as a mass of abandoned cobwebs, then engulfs and electrocutes anything that touches it so it can consume them.

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• Skullrider: A spider that can retract its legs and mandibles into its body, which happens to be the exact size and shape of a human skull. It also has the ability to hook itself up to the nervous system of a recently deceased creature and pilot it around like a goddamn mech.

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• Spanner: An animated stone bridge that can talk and can throw you off or open a hole in itself to make you fall, so be polite.

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• Symbiotic Jelly: An ooze that partners with another monster and uses illusions to make the monster look like something less dangerous and lures in prey for the monster with illusions of things that they want such as treasure.

• Tunnel terror: A huge stony psionic worm with a hollow body that pretends to be the walls of a tunnel to trick prey into walking inside it.

• Dune Trapper: A giant desert dwelling creature that buries itself in the sand and disguises its mouth as an entire oasis. Native to Dark Sun.

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• Sand Vortex: Another Dark Sun creature that buries itself in the sand. When it senses creatures walking above, it creates a whirlpool of sand that pulls them into its mouth.

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• Huptzeen: An animated object that can't move but can cast spells.

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• Peltast: Looks like an item made of leather, such as clothing or a backpack, but when you put it on it starts sucking your blood.

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• Palimpsest: A piece of paper that absorbs anyone who touches it.

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• Topiary Guardian: That bush trimmed into the shape of a lion is actually a lion.

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• Vampire Moss: A mass of hanging, dense moss which passively drains the life force from any living creature that gets within 10 yards.

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• Wizard Lice: Blood-sucking insects that would be merely annoying if they didn't strip the spells right out of the minds of spellcaster hosts.

• Wolf-in-Sheep's-Clothing: It doesn't look like a Sheep, and it isn't a wolf either. It looks like a small rabbit like creature, but that is only a small lure on top of its body, which looks like a tree stump.

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• Xaver: A ferrovorous creature which disguises itself as a sword in order to get closer to unprotected metal.

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• Yellow Musk Creeper: A pretty creeping vine with beautiful yellow flowers. It lures victims in with its sweet scent, and then plants seeds in their heads, which consume the host's brain and then hijack the body as a zombie they pilot to find a new place to grow.

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• Creed: A tactical geniu--Wait no, that's 40k.

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• Gazebo: Beware the dread gazebo.

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Real Life Gotcha Monsters

To some extent, almost every ambush predator is a "Gotcha Monster". Just to name a few types:

• You have your "aggressive mimics", who pretend to be something edible, and turn around and eat those who would it it; for example, looking like a flower, and grabbing pollinators who show up, or the "alligator snapping turtle", whose tongue resembles a worm.
• There's trap-making animals, such as the antlion or web-making spiders.
• And then there's the camouflage and stealth approach, of which some varieties of cats are a common example.

Easily the most likely one a D&D player is going to run into though are crocodiles and alligators thanks to the combination of the old 'look like a log' trick and being a credible threat to people in armor, like most adventurers.